Ocean Ashes: The Pollution Problem

Scattering ashes is a popular way to honour the deceased, with many people choosing to spread their loved ones' ashes in the ocean. While cremation is a more environmentally friendly option than burial, there are still concerns about the impact of ashes on the ocean and other bodies of water. The environmental impact of scattering ashes at sea is a topic that has raised questions about whether it harms marine life and pollutes the ocean.

Human ashes are mostly dry calcium phosphates

However, when scattering ashes, it is important to ensure that any personal items do not pollute and damage wildlife. For example, any wreaths or floral products should not contain fasteners that might damage marine environments. Ashes scattered on land may create more of an issue, as they may contribute to nutrient pollution, soil degradation, and changes to plant life.

In the US, the cremation rate is rising, and mourners are increasingly seeking environmentally friendly burial options. The EPA has published a policy about the scattering of ashes to protect the environment, which includes guidance on spreading ashes on rivers and streams. The federal government regulates the scattering of ashes at sea, but state law governs inland lakes, rivers, and other bodies of water.

Overall, scattering human ashes—which are mostly dry calcium phosphates—into the ocean is considered an environmentally responsible way to honour a loved one.

Ashes scattered in the ocean do not harm marine life

Scattering human ashes has become a popular way to honour the deceased. While some people scatter ashes on land or in rivers, others prefer the ocean, believing it to be a meaningful way to remember their loved ones. However, there are concerns about the environmental impact of this practice.

Human ashes are mostly dry calcium phosphates. When scattered in the ocean, they disperse as a coarse-grained, sandy material, without harming marine life. Ashes scattered into the ocean will disperse over time, dissolving and dissipating into its various depths. This means that no marine organisms come into contact with them, and there are no negative impacts on the ecosystem.

The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) in the US has published a policy about the scattering of ashes to protect the environment. According to the EPA, cremated remains can be spread in the sea, but only beyond three nautical miles from the coast. The EPA also requires notification within 30 days of scattering ashes at sea. The agency advises that any items scattered with the ashes must be biodegradable, and urns should be biodegradable and not harmful to the environment.

While scattering human ashes in the ocean is generally considered safe, it is important to be mindful of the environment. It is recommended that scattering sites are away from buildings and that windy days are avoided, as wind can cause ashes to blow around more freely. Additionally, it is important to ensure that no non-biodegradable items, such as plastics or metals, are scattered with the ashes, as these can damage marine environments.

In summary, scattering ashes in the ocean is an environmentally responsible way to honour a loved one's legacy. Ashes scattered in the ocean do not harm marine life and have no negative impact on the ecosystem. However, it is crucial to follow guidelines and best practices to ensure the process is carried out in a safe and respectful manner.

Burying ashes in the ground can be harmful to plant life

Burying ashes in the ground is a popular way to honour a loved one's legacy on Earth. However, while it may seem like a natural and safe way to return them to nature, it can have harmful effects on plant life.

Firstly, untreated cremation ashes scattered on land can cause nutrient pollution and soil degradation. The high pH and sodium levels in human ashes can be toxic to plants, and regular or potting soils alone cannot counteract these effects. This toxicity can lead to poor plant growth and even the death of surrounding plant life. In addition, ashes contribute to acidity and salinity in water sources, causing negative impacts on downstream food chains.

However, the impact of burying ashes in the ground depends on several factors, including the amount of ashes and the type of soil. Mixing small amounts of ashes into the soil is relatively harmless to plant health. Biodegradable urns are also available that contain rebalanced soil to counteract the adverse effects of a high volume of ashes near a plant. These urns often include seedlings or seeds that can grow after burial, providing a memorial location that can survive for decades.

When burying ashes, it is important to follow regulations and ensure that any items used, such as urns or wreaths, are biodegradable and do not contain plastics or metals that could harm the environment. While scattering ashes at sea may be a more environmentally friendly option, it is essential to select an area away from buildings and avoid windy days to prevent the ashes from blowing or dispersing too quickly.

Green burials are an eco-friendly alternative to cremation

While cremation has been marketed as a greener alternative to traditional burials, it is not without its environmental impact. The process emits greenhouse gases, contributing to climate change, and requires significant energy use. In addition, the scattering of ashes, particularly on land, can lead to nutrient pollution and soil degradation.

As a result, there is a growing trend towards green burials, which are eco-friendly alternatives to cremation. Green burials include practices such as alkaline hydrolysis ("aquamation"), natural organic reduction ("human composting or "terramation"), and resomation, which uses water and potassium hydroxide to dissolve the body. These methods have a much lower environmental impact than cremation or traditional burials, which require land and resources.

Human composting, for example, consumes minimal resources, with only 40 gallons of water and a small amount of electricity needed. Green burials also align with Indigenous cultural and spiritual beliefs, emphasizing the connection between the deceased, the land, and the spiritual world.

While green burials are not yet approved in Canada, American companies like Return Home offer their services to Canadian residents. In the US, green burials are legal in several states, including Washington, Oregon, Colorado, and Vermont, with prices ranging from $5,000 to $9,000.

As the climate crisis continues to worsen, the funeral industry is adapting to meet the needs of eco-conscious consumers. More funeral homes and death care facilities are exploring renewable energy sources and natural gas for their cremation services, while also offering green burial options for those seeking environmentally friendly end-of-life practices.

Regulations for scattering ashes at sea

Scattering the ashes of a loved one into the sea is an increasingly popular way to honour their memory. Ashes themselves do not pollute the ocean, but it is important to ensure that any accompanying items are biodegradable and will not harm wildlife or the environment.

Location

In the US, the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is the prime regulator for territorial waters. According to EPA rules, scattering ashes in the ocean must be done at least three nautical miles from the shore. It is also recommended to choose a spot away from buildings and areas where people swim or fish.

Biodegradable Items

Only use biodegradable items during the ceremony. This includes urns, flowers, wreaths, and any other memorial items. Avoid non-biodegradable materials such as plastic or metal, which can harm wildlife and cause pollution.

Permission

If you plan to scatter ashes on private property or a privately-owned stretch of water, you must obtain permission from the property owner.

Notification

While an EPA permit is not required for scattering ashes at sea, you should notify the EPA within 30 days using their online form.

Weather Conditions

Avoid scattering ashes on windy days, as this can cause the ashes to blow around and affect people living or working nearby.

Boat Hire

If you choose to scatter the ashes from a boat, you can use your own vessel or hire a boat from a company that specialises in ash-scattering ceremonies.

By following these regulations, you can ensure that the ceremony is both meaningful and environmentally responsible.

Frequently asked questions