Purify Your Indoor Air: Simple Steps To Breathe Easier

Indoor air pollution can cause a range of health issues, from irritation of the eyes and throat to asthma attacks, lung cancer, and heart disease. As we spend so much time indoors, it's important to keep the air quality as clean as possible.

There are many sources of indoor air pollution, including fuel-burning appliances, building materials, cleaning products, central heating and cooling systems, and outdoor air pollution. In this article, we will discuss simple steps you can take to reduce your exposure to indoor air pollutants and improve your health.

Ban smoking indoors

Smoking indoors is a major source of indoor air pollution and can have serious health implications for those exposed, especially children. Therefore, it is important to implement smoke-free policies to protect non-smokers and improve indoor air quality.

Health Risks of Secondhand Smoke

Secondhand smoke, also known as passive smoking, is a mixture of exhaled smoke from a burning cigarette and smoke released from a smouldering cigarette or other smoking devices. It contains over 4,000 compounds, including more than 40 known carcinogens, and is a significant source of indoor air pollution. Exposure to secondhand smoke is linked to several adverse health effects, including:

• Lung cancer: According to the Environmental Protection Agency, secondhand smoke is responsible for about 3,000 lung cancer deaths per year in non-smokers in the United States.
• Respiratory problems: Secondhand smoke can cause respiratory issues such as asthma, bronchitis, and pneumonia, especially in children. It can also trigger asthma attacks and increase their frequency and severity.
• Cardiovascular issues: Exposure to secondhand smoke increases the risk of coronary heart disease by 25-30%.
• Other health issues: Secondhand smoke has been associated with sudden infant death syndrome, middle ear disease, and respiratory infections in children. It can also cause eye, nose, and throat irritation and may affect the cardiovascular system.

Benefits of Smoke-Free Policies

Implementing smoke-free policies is the most effective way to protect non-smokers from the dangers of secondhand smoke. Some benefits of such policies include:

• Reduced health risks: Smoke-free policies have been shown to effectively lower health risks for non-smokers, especially children, who are more vulnerable to the effects of secondhand smoke due to their developing lungs and higher breath intake relative to their body weight.
• Improved air quality: Banning smoking indoors significantly enhances indoor air quality, reducing the levels of harmful pollutants and particles inhaled by occupants.
• Encouraging smoking cessation: Comprehensive smoke-free laws and policies have been found to help individuals quit smoking and reduce tobacco consumption.
• Positive economic impact: Studies have shown that smoke-free laws do not negatively impact sales or employment in the hospitality industry. In fact, communities that enact comprehensive smoke-free laws have seen up to a 17% reduction in hospital admissions for heart attacks.

Strategies to Implement Smoke-Free Policies

To ensure the successful implementation of smoke-free policies and improve indoor air quality, consider the following strategies:

• Education and awareness: It is important to raise awareness about the negative effects of secondhand smoke and the benefits of smoke-free environments. Educating the community about the health consequences of exposure to secondhand smoke can encourage smokers to quit and promote support for smoke-free policies.
• Clear signage: Display prominent and visible "No Smoking" signs that meet the mandated size requirements. Ensure that the signage is in multiple languages, especially those commonly spoken in the area, to effectively communicate the smoke-free policy to all patrons.
• Enforcement: Consistent enforcement of smoke-free policies is crucial. Venue owners and managers should ensure that smoking is not permitted indoors and provide designated outdoor smoking areas for customers who wish to smoke.
• Collaboration: Work with local health departments, non-governmental organizations, and community groups to advocate for and implement smoke-free policies. Collaboration can help ensure compliance and provide additional resources for education and enforcement.

By implementing smoke-free policies and following the suggested strategies, you can significantly improve indoor air quality and protect the health of non-smokers, especially children, who are particularly vulnerable to the harmful effects of secondhand smoke.

Ventilate your home

Ventilating your home is a key strategy to improve indoor air quality and reduce exposure to indoor air pollutants. Here are some detailed tips to help you ventilate your home effectively:

Open Windows and Doors

Opening windows and doors is a simple yet effective way to improve ventilation. This practice allows for a natural exchange of indoor and outdoor air, promoting healthy air circulation. However, it is important to be mindful of the weather conditions and pollen counts before opting for this method. Avoid opening windows when it is too cold or when pollen counts are high, as these factors can introduce unwanted elements into your home.

Use of Fans

Exhaust fans in the kitchen and bathrooms are essential for removing cooking fumes and steam. Ensure these fans are functional and well-maintained. Window or attic fans can also be operated during suitable weather conditions to increase the outdoor ventilation rate. Additionally, consider using a window air conditioner with the vent control open to further enhance ventilation.

Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning (HVAC) Systems

Most home heating and cooling systems do not mechanically bring in fresh air from outdoors. Therefore, it is important to regularly check and maintain your HVAC system to ensure optimal performance. Advanced designs in newer homes include energy-efficient heat recovery ventilators that work in conjunction with HVAC systems to improve ventilation while mitigating cooling and heating costs.

Natural Ventilation

Natural ventilation refers to the movement of air through open windows and doors. It can help moderate indoor air temperature, especially in homes without air-conditioning systems or during power outages. Natural ventilation also improves indoor air quality by reducing pollutants that are trapped indoors. Examples of natural ventilation include opening windows and doors and using window shading, such as closing the blinds to regulate airflow.

Mechanical Ventilation

In addition to natural ventilation, mechanical means of introducing outdoor air into your home can be employed. This includes the use of outdoor air intakes associated with the HVAC system. These mechanical systems bring in fresh outdoor air and distribute it throughout the house.

Infiltration

Infiltration is the process by which outdoor air enters your home through openings, joints, and cracks in walls, floors, and ceilings, as well as around windows and doors. While some level of infiltration occurs in all homes, it is important to ensure that your home is not overly reliant on infiltration for ventilation. Excessive infiltration can lead to unwanted drafts and reduced energy efficiency.

By following these ventilation tips, you can effectively reduce indoor air pollutants and create a healthier living environment for you and your family. Remember to also combine ventilation with other strategies, such as source control and air filtration, for a comprehensive approach to improving indoor air quality.

Use exhaust fans in the kitchen and bathroom

Exhaust fans are an important tool in reducing exposure to indoor air pollutants. They are particularly useful in the kitchen and bathroom, where activities such as cooking and showering can generate high levels of pollutants. Here are some detailed instructions on how to use exhaust fans in these areas:

Kitchen Exhaust Fans

Kitchen exhaust fans, also known as blowers or blower packages, are typically installed in range hoods or sometimes in kitchen ceilings or walls. They provide spot ventilation by drawing air into the hood and discharging it out of the building. It is important to ensure that the exhaust fan is placed downstream from the hood, precipitator, and odor module to create negative pressure inside the purification equipment and prevent polluted air from escaping. When installing a kitchen exhaust fan, follow these steps:

• Cut a hole in the ceiling drywall no more than 1 inch larger than the fan box.
• Seal holes in the fan housing with caulk, sealing putty, or metal tape.
• Install the fan and seal it with caulk or canned spray foam.
• Seal the exhaust duct to the fan box with approved metal tape or mastic.
• If the duct vents through the roof, install flashing around the vent that is integrated with roof paper and roofing material.
• Do not vent the exhaust fan into the attic, as this can cause moisture problems.
• Fans should be rated for handling grease-laden air and have a UL 762 approval and listing.
• Consider the CFM (cubic feet per minute) need, total system static pressure, noise volume, and discharge preference when selecting a fan.
• Utility Set and Mixed Flow fans are the two main types used in kitchen exhaust applications, with Mixed Flow fans offering superior air and sound performance.

Bathroom Exhaust Fans

Bathroom exhaust fans are typically installed in bathroom ceilings and provide spot ventilation by removing steam and contaminants directly from the room. To install and use a bathroom exhaust fan effectively, follow these steps:

• Cut an appropriately sized hole in the ceiling drywall for the fan box.
• Install the fan and seal it with caulk between the fan housing and drywall.
• If gaps are larger than 1/4 inch, use canned spray foam carefully.
• Seal holes in the fan housing with caulk or metal tape.
• Seal the exterior fan duct vent with caulk or a pre-made exterior wall gasket.
• Ensure that the exterior gasket is integrated with the house wrap.
• Consider installing an occupancy sensor, humidity sensor, or other controls to turn the fan on with the light switch.
• Use a quiet, energy-efficient exhaust fan to remove pollutants such as VOCs (volatile organic compounds) and water vapour.

By following these instructions, you can effectively use exhaust fans in your kitchen and bathroom to reduce exposure to indoor air pollutants.

Vacuum often

Vacuuming often is an important step in reducing exposure to indoor air pollutants. Here are some reasons why regular vacuuming is crucial:

Remove Pollutants and Allergens

Vacuuming helps eliminate various indoor air pollutants, such as pollen, pet dander, dust mites, and mould spores. These allergens can trigger allergic reactions and respiratory issues like asthma. Regular vacuuming reduces their presence, creating a healthier environment, especially for those prone to allergies.

Reduce Dust Accumulation

Dust can accumulate on various surfaces, including floors, furniture, and upholstery. Vacuuming helps remove dust before it has a chance to spread further. Using a vacuum with a HEPA (High-Efficiency Particulate Air) filter is ideal, as it traps fine particles, preventing them from recirculating in the air.

Deep Clean Carpets and Rugs

Carpets and rugs can harbour dirt, dust, and allergens, which can get embedded in the fibres. Vacuuming them regularly helps dislodge and remove these particles, improving indoor air quality. Pay extra attention to high-traffic areas and remember to vacuum under furniture and in hard-to-reach corners.

Prevent Pest Infestations

Vacuuming can help eliminate crumbs, food particles, and residue that may attract pests such as ants, cockroaches, and mice. Regular vacuuming helps deny these pests their food source, reducing the likelihood of an infestation. It also removes pest droppings and dander, which can trigger allergies and spread diseases.

Maintain a Clean Living Space

Vacuuming is an essential part of maintaining a clean and tidy living space. It helps create a more hygienic environment, especially if you have pets. Combine vacuuming with other cleaning tasks like dusting and mopping to ensure your home is free from pollutants and allergens.

Avoid harsh household cleaning products

Harsh household cleaning products can negatively impact indoor air quality and your health. Many cleaning products contain harmful chemicals, including volatile organic compounds (VOCs), that can irritate the eyes, throat, nose, skin, and lungs. These chemicals can also cause or worsen respiratory issues, such as asthma, and other health problems like headaches.

To reduce exposure to these indoor air pollutants, consider the following:

• Read Labels and Choose Safer Products: Before purchasing cleaning products, read the labels carefully. Opt for products that do not contain or have reduced amounts of VOCs, fragrances, irritants, and flammable ingredients. Look for products that meet the U.S. EPA's Safer Choice requirements, indicating they are safer alternatives.
• Ventilate During and After Use: When using cleaning products, ensure the area is well-ventilated. Open windows and doors to increase air circulation and reduce the concentration of chemicals in the air. Avoid using cleaning products in small, enclosed spaces.
• Limit Usage and Rinse Surfaces: Minimize the use of cleaning products, especially those containing pine or citrus oils, on high-ozone days. After cleaning, rinse surfaces liberally with water to remove any residual cleaning agents that can react with ozone in the air.
• Remove Cleaning Tools: Once you've finished cleaning, remove paper towels, sponges, and mops from the indoor living space. Rinse sponges and mops thoroughly before storing them.
• Opt for Natural Alternatives: Consider using natural alternatives for cleaning, such as warm water and soap, baking soda for scrubbing, or a mixture of vinegar and water for cleaning glass. These simple alternatives can be effective and reduce your exposure to harmful chemicals.

By following these steps, you can minimize your exposure to harsh chemicals found in household cleaning products, improving your indoor air quality and reducing potential health risks.

Frequently asked questions