Schools' Role In Preventing Water Pollution

Water pollution in schools is a pressing issue, with various sources of contamination, including old pipes, untreated well water, and a lack of maintenance and cleaning of water fountains. Schools have a responsibility to address this issue and prevent water pollution to safeguard the health of students and staff. This is especially important as children are more vulnerable to the harmful effects of contaminants such as lead, which can cause diminished IQ and behavioural problems. To prevent water pollution, schools can take several measures, such as replacing old equipment with energy-saving devices, repairing leaks, installing water-saving fixtures, and promoting water conservation through education and landscaping choices. Additionally, regular water testing and maintenance, as well as addressing funding disparities, are crucial steps in ensuring safe drinking water for students.

Regular cleaning and maintenance of water fountains

Schools are large consumers of water, requiring it for their heating and cooling systems, restrooms, drinking water faucets, locker rooms, cafeterias, laboratories, and outdoor playing fields and lawns. As such, they are responsible for ensuring that their water systems are well-maintained and regularly cleaned to prevent water pollution.

One way to achieve this is through the regular cleaning and maintenance of water fountains. Water fountains, particularly in schools, are often a breeding ground for germs and viruses. A study of contact surfaces in preschool classrooms found that 50% of surfaces tested positive for the Influenza A virus, with 22% testing positive for norovirus, which causes gastroenteritis. The toggles of water fountains were found to be the most contaminated. This is often due to a lack of maintenance and cleaning services for those fountains.

To address this issue, schools should implement a rigorous cleaning and maintenance schedule for their water fountains. This should include regular disinfection of all surfaces, including the toggles, which come into direct contact with students' hands and mouths. Schools should also consider installing filters on their water fountains to remove contaminants and improve water quality. This is especially important in rural schools, which often rely on well water that may not be adequately treated.

In addition to regular cleaning and disinfection, schools should also perform routine inspections of their water fountains to identify any potential issues. This includes checking for leaks, as leaking water can lead to water waste and potential damage to the surrounding area. Schools should also ensure that there are adequate drainage systems in place to handle any spills or leaks, with proper signage to warn students and staff of potential hazards.

By implementing these measures, schools can help ensure that their water fountains are safe and properly maintained, reducing the risk of water pollution and promoting the health and well-being of their students and staff.

Reducing water use with energy-saving devices

Schools can play a significant role in reducing water pollution by implementing various measures to reduce water usage and promote conservation. One effective strategy is to upgrade to energy-saving devices and equipment. Here are some ways schools can reduce water use with energy-saving devices:

Install Low-Flow Technologies and Products

Schools can conduct a full water audit to identify areas of high water consumption and potential reduction. This can include installing low-flow taps, also known as eco-taps, which reduce water consumption by over 50% without compromising quality. Low-flow toilets are another option, with some models using up to 84% less water and 80% less energy than standard toilets. Low-flow showerheads can also be installed, especially in locker rooms and staff shower facilities, to reduce water usage during showers.

Upgrade to Energy-Efficient Equipment

Schools should consider replacing old equipment such as dishwashers, washing machines, and refrigerators in the cafeteria and staff rooms with energy-saving alternatives. Energy-efficient models use considerably less energy and water, contributing to reduced utility bills and environmental impact.

Implement Water Aerators and Automatic Shut-Off Devices

By installing water aerators on faucets, schools can control water flow and reduce overall consumption. Automatic shut-off devices can also be fitted onto faucets to prevent water wastage when not in use.

Use Displacement Bags or Refit with Waterless Urinals

For urinals, schools can opt for displacement bags in the cisterns to reduce water usage. Alternatively, schools can invest in waterless urinals, which completely eliminate the use of water.

Educate Students and Staff

Involving students and staff in water conservation efforts is essential. Schools can encourage students and staff to be vigilant about reporting leaks and turning off running taps. Educational initiatives, such as the EPA's "That Magnificent Ground Water Connection" activity books, can also be incorporated into the curriculum to teach students about water conservation principles.

By adopting these energy-saving measures, schools can significantly reduce their water usage, lowering the risk of water pollution and contributing to environmental sustainability.

Using filtered water bottles

Water contamination in schools is a pressing issue, with many schools housed in old buildings with ageing plumbing fixtures that may contain lead. Over time, these pipes can corrode and leach harmful metals and other substances into the water supply. In recent years, countless U.S. public schools have been affected by water quality issues, and with no national requirement for specific water testing, there is no telling what students are ingesting.

Filtered water bottles can be an effective solution to this problem. By providing students with filtered water bottles, schools can ensure that students have access to safe, clean drinking water. Many water filters can effectively remove harmful contaminants like lead, which is especially important in schools with older buildings and plumbing systems. Filters can also improve the taste and smell of water, encouraging students to drink more and stay hydrated.

Filtered water bottles can also help reduce plastic waste in schools. Instead of relying on single-use plastic water bottles, students can refill their filtered water bottles with tap water, reducing the amount of plastic waste that ends up in landfills and recycling centres. This not only helps the environment but also saves money in the long run compared to purchasing bottled water.

In addition, filtered water bottles can provide peace of mind for parents, students, and staff, knowing that the water is safe to drink. This can build trust in the school's commitment to health and safety. Schools can also provide education on the importance of staying hydrated and the benefits of using filtered water bottles, empowering students to make healthy choices.

However, it is important to note that proper maintenance and regular replacement of filters are crucial to ensure their effectiveness. Schools should follow manufacturers' recommendations for maintenance and conduct regular water quality tests to ensure the safety of the filtered water. By taking these steps, schools can play a vital role in promoting the health and well-being of their students and reducing water pollution.

Flushing out water fountains after stagnant periods

Schools can play a significant role in preventing water pollution by implementing various measures, one of which is flushing out water fountains after stagnant periods. This is a crucial step to ensure that students and staff have access to safe and clean drinking water.

During periods of low or no water use, such as school breaks or extended lockdowns, water can become stagnant in pipes and fountains, leading to several health hazards. Stagnant water can be a breeding ground for harmful bacteria and pathogens, including Legionella, which can cause Legionnaires' disease. Additionally, stagnant water increases the risk of mould, lead, and copper contamination, posing a threat to the health of those who consume it.

To address this issue, it is essential to flush out water fountains and the entire building's water system before resuming normal operations. This process involves running the water for a sufficient period to replace the stagnant water with fresh water. For water fountains, it is recommended to turn on the water flow through the bubbler for at least 5 minutes, with 10 minutes being more than enough. This simple step helps to ensure that any contaminants or pathogens that may have built up during the stagnant period are flushed away, making the water safe for consumption.

It is worth noting that different manufacturers of water fountains may have specific recommendations for their products. For example, some manufacturers suggest removing filters before flushing and then installing new filters afterward. Others emphasize the importance of regular activation of the water stream during periods of low use to prevent water stagnation.

By taking these precautionary steps, schools can help maintain water quality and reduce potential health risks associated with stagnant water. This not only ensures the well-being of students and staff but also reinforces the importance of proper water management and conservation practices within the school community.

Using drought-tolerant grasses for playing fields

Schools can play a vital role in preventing water pollution and promoting environmental sustainability. One effective strategy is to use drought-tolerant grasses for playing fields, which can have a significant impact on water conservation. Here are some detailed guidelines on this approach:

Benefits of Drought-Tolerant Grasses

Drought-tolerant grasses are an excellent choice for schools, especially in regions with water scarcity or unpredictable weather patterns. These grasses require less water than traditional grass species, which helps conserve water resources and reduces water bills. Additionally, they are low maintenance, saving time and energy for groundskeepers. These grasses also provide a habitat for native wildlife, contributing to biodiversity.

Types of Drought-Tolerant Grasses

When selecting drought-tolerant grasses, it is essential to consider the specific climate and soil conditions of your region. Here are some popular options:

• Bermuda Grass – This grass is ideal for athletic fields as it tolerates high foot traffic and has extensive root systems that can reach up to 6 feet deep. It thrives in hot and dry areas and is highly salt-tolerant, making it suitable for coastal regions.
• Zoysia Grass – Zoysia is a slow-growing grass with excellent shade tolerance. It forms a dense growth pattern that effectively prevents weed competition. While it requires less fertilizer than Bermuda grass, it needs more care to prevent thatch accumulation.
• St. Augustine Grass – This grass is commonly used in coastal or humid climates and is known for its tolerance to salt and shade. It has broad, flat blades that create a dense and attractive lawn. St. Augustine grass needs regular watering for the first few years but becomes more drought-tolerant once established.
• Centipedegrass – Often called "lazy man's grass," Centipedegrass is a low-maintenance option with moderate drought tolerance. It has a slow growth rate, reducing mowing frequency, and maintains its colour even during drought conditions.
• Tall Fescue – Tall Fescue is a drought-tolerant, cool-season grass with a deep root system, making it adaptable to various conditions, including drought, damp and frost. It is disease-resistant and can grow in low-nutrient soils. Tall Fescue is a popular choice for regions with hot summers and cold winters.
• Fine Fescue – This grass has thin blades and a dense appearance, giving it a soft texture. It is low-maintenance, rarely needs mowing, and requires minimal to no fertilisation.
• Kentucky Bluegrass – While less drought-tolerant than other varieties, Kentucky Bluegrass has a deep and well-spread root system that allows it to recover quickly from drought conditions. Mixing it with Tall or Fine Fescue can create a more robust and disease-tolerant lawn.

Maintenance Tips

To maximise the benefits of drought-tolerant grasses, proper maintenance is essential. Here are some tips:

• Mowing – Ensure regular mowing during the growing season. For Bermuda grass, maintain a height of 1-2 inches, while for Tall Fescue, a height of 2-3 inches is recommended.
• Fertilisation – Annual fertilisation can benefit some grass varieties, such as Bermuda grass.
• Watering – While drought-tolerant grasses require less water, occasional watering may be necessary during prolonged dry spells. Water early in the morning or late in the evening to maximise water absorption and minimise evaporation.
• Soil Conditions – Understand your soil type and perform a soil test to determine nutrient levels and pH. This will help you choose the most suitable grass variety for your playing fields.
• Sunlight – Consider the amount of sunlight your playing fields receive. Warm-season grasses like Bermuda grass and Buffalograss need at least 6-8 hours of direct sunlight daily, while Zoysia grass and St. Augustine grass require less sunlight and grow well in partial shade.

Frequently asked questions