Helena Joyce
Indoor air pollution is a pressing issue, with Americans spending 90% of their time indoors, where pollutant concentrations can be 2 to 5 times higher than outdoors. Indoor pollution sources that release gases and particles are the primary cause of poor indoor air quality. These sources are diverse and can be found in every room, including the bedroom. From dry cleaning emitting gases to essential oil diffusers and humidifiers, this article will explore the various ways indoor pollution can affect your bedroom's air quality and offer guidance on maintaining a healthy living environment.
| Characteristics | Values |
|---|---|
| Common indoor pollutants | Radon, particulate matter, carbon monoxide, Legionella bacterium, pet dander, mould, volatile organic compounds (VOCs), combustion byproducts, pesticides, fertilisers, asbestos fibres, chemical off-gassing, tobacco smoke |
| Health effects | Irritation of eyes, nose and throat, headaches, dizziness, fatigue, asthma, respiratory diseases, heart disease, cancer |
| Sources of indoor pollution | Indoor sources: combustion sources (tobacco, wood, coal), cleaning supplies, paints, insecticides, building materials; outdoor sources: outdoor air pollutants entering through doors, windows, ventilation systems, cracks in structures, building foundations, water supplies |
| Risk factors | Age, pre-existing medical conditions, individual sensitivity, inadequate ventilation, moisture, lack of outdoor air |
| Prevention and mitigation | Weatherizing homes, improving ventilation, consulting health professionals, limiting use of pesticides and fertilisers, proper use and cleaning of humidifiers and essential oil diffusers, airing out clothes before storing them |
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Dry cleaning
Indoor air pollution is a major issue for homeowners, and it can have serious health implications, especially for those who are most susceptible to the effects of indoor air pollution, such as the young, the elderly, and those with respiratory or cardiovascular issues. The concentration of pollutants is often 2 to 5 times higher indoors than outdoors.
The chemicals used in dry cleaning, such as chlorinated solvents like perchloroethylene (PCE), are toxic and harmful to the environment. PCE is resistant to environmental degradation and can persist for decades, potentially seeping into groundwater and affecting the air quality in nearby homes. This phenomenon is known as vapor intrusion, where the chemical vapors intrude into the breathing air. Other contaminants associated with dry cleaning include petroleum-based solvents, organic solvents like turpentine, and vinyl chloride.
To mitigate the impact of dry cleaning on indoor air quality, it is advisable to air out dry-cleaned clothes before storing them in your closet or bedroom. Allowing the clothes to ventilate helps to reduce the concentration of any remaining chemicals.
Additionally, it is worth noting that dry cleaning businesses themselves can contribute to pollution in the surrounding area. The chemicals used in dry cleaning operations can leak into the environment, especially through sewer lines. This has led to concerns in the commercial real estate world, as the contamination can pose health risks and result in costly cleanup processes.
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Humidifiers
The bedroom is a place where people spend a lot of time, especially those who are young, old, or ill. Therefore, it is important to ensure that the indoor air quality in the bedroom is good.
To prevent this issue, it is recommended to use distilled water instead of tap water in ultrasonic humidifiers. A steam humidifier can also be used instead of an ultrasonic model to avoid particulate matter concerns. Additionally, it is important to clean humidifiers regularly, change the water daily, and use an air quality monitor in conjunction with the humidifier to detect any potential issues, such as mould or bacteria growth.
By following these practices, individuals can help maintain good indoor air quality in their bedrooms while still enjoying the benefits of a humidifier.
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Cleaning products
To reduce the impact of cleaning products on indoor air quality, it is advisable to opt for cleaning products with safer ingredients. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency provides a list of Safer Choice products that are considered safer for people and the environment. It is recommended to avoid cleaning products that contain harmful chemicals like phosphates, chlorine, or VOCs. Instead, look for products made with natural ingredients, such as lauramine oxide or caprylyl glucoside, which are safer alternatives.
When using cleaning products, it is important to ensure proper ventilation in the bedroom. Open windows or use exhaust fans to allow fresh air to circulate and remove stale air containing pollutants. Additionally, consider wearing a mask over your nose and mouth to protect yourself from inhaling harmful chemicals during cleaning.
Some cleaning products may be better suited for specific surfaces. For example, wooden surfaces require special care to preserve their finish, and natural materials like suede and leather have unique cleaning requirements. It is always advisable to read the user manual for specific instructions and recommendations to avoid potential damage to surfaces.
It is worth noting that some common ingredients in commercial cleaners can be irritants or even toxic at high doses. Therefore, it is essential to handle and use these products with caution. In some cases, DIY non-toxic cleaning solutions made with common pantry ingredients can be a safer alternative to commercial cleaning products.
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Infiltration
To maintain good indoor air quality and prevent the accumulation of pollutants, it is crucial to ensure adequate ventilation. This can be achieved through a combination of infiltration and mechanical ventilation systems. Natural ventilation, such as opening windows and doors, can also help improve air quality and moderate indoor temperature.
While infiltration can contribute to improved air quality, it is important to note that it can also allow outdoor pollutants to enter the home. Therefore, in areas with high levels of outdoor air pollution, it is essential to consider the placement of ventilation systems and the use of air filters to mitigate the impact of infiltration on indoor air quality.
Additionally, weatherization measures, such as caulking and installing storm windows, can reduce infiltration and lead to increased concentrations of indoor air pollutants. In such cases, it is important to address individual sources of pollution and their emissions to maintain healthy indoor air quality.
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Building materials
Another example is radon, which is a naturally occurring radioactive gas that can enter buildings through cracks or gaps in structures. The risk of radon exposure depends on the location and surrounding soil, as it is formed by the breakdown of uranium in rocks and soils.
Additionally, energy-efficient buildings that lack sufficient mechanical ventilation can contribute to indoor air pollution. Inadequate ventilation can lead to higher concentrations of indoor pollutants, including those from building materials.
To mitigate the impact of building materials on indoor air quality, it is important to purchase low-emitting materials and ensure adequate ventilation. The American Society of Heating, Refrigerating, and Air-Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE) recommends a ventilation rate of 0.35 ach (air changes per hour) for new homes. Proper maintenance of ventilation systems and regular cleaning or replacement of air filters are also crucial to minimize the impact of building materials on indoor air quality.
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Frequently asked questions
Indoor air pollution sources that release gases or particles into the air are the primary cause of indoor air quality problems. These include combustion sources such as tobacco smoke, wood and coal heating and cooking appliances, fireplaces, building materials, cleaning supplies, paints, insecticides, personal care products, and outdoor sources such as radon, pesticides, and outdoor air pollution.
Health effects from indoor air pollutants may be experienced soon after exposure or years later. Some common short-term effects include irritation of the eyes, nose, and throat, headaches, dizziness, and fatigue. Repeated or prolonged exposure to indoor air pollutants has been linked to respiratory diseases, heart disease, and cancer.
To improve the air quality in your bedroom, ensure proper ventilation by regularly opening windows and doors to allow for adequate air exchange. Avoid using dry cleaning services that use chemicals, and air out your clothes before storing them in your closet. Watch out for potential sources of pollution in your bedroom, such as essential oil diffusers and humidifiers, and ensure they are cleaned regularly.
