Delhi's Air Pollution: Tips For Survival And Action

Delhi, India's capital city, is the world's most polluted city. The air quality levels in Delhi are a severe health concern, with the annual AQI in 2025 worsening compared to previous years. The primary sources of air pollution in Delhi include vehicular emissions, industrial pollution, crop stubble burning, and road dust. To address this issue, the government has implemented various measures, such as the Graded Response Action Plan (GRAP), which categorises air quality into four stages, each triggering stricter pollution control measures. Other initiatives include the Commission for Air Quality Management and the Green Delhi app, which help regulate dust, ban diesel generators, and manage complaints. Despite these efforts, the air pollution in Delhi remains a critical issue, with certain demographics, such as young children and the elderly, being more vulnerable to its adverse effects.

Stay indoors, avoid outdoor activities, and use N95 masks and air purifiers

Delhi, India's capital, is the world's most polluted city. The air quality in the city is a severe health hazard, especially during the winter months, with low wind speeds and temperature inversions trapping smoke and emissions, creating long-lasting smog. To protect yourself from the harmful effects of air pollution in Delhi, it is essential to take precautions such as staying indoors, avoiding outdoor activities, and using N95 masks and air purifiers.

Staying indoors is a crucial step in reducing exposure to air pollution. When outdoors, people inhale a variety of pollutants, including particulate matter, carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides, and vehicle emissions. By staying inside, you can limit your direct exposure to these harmful substances. However, it is important to remember that indoor air quality can also be affected by outdoor pollution, so taking steps to improve indoor air is essential.

Avoid outdoor activities when air pollution levels are high, especially in the early morning and evening when pollution levels tend to be at their peak. If you must go outside, try to limit your time and wear a protective mask, such as an N95 mask, which has been proven to effectively filter out fine particles and airborne infectious aerosols. N95 masks are widely available and offer a good balance of breathability and protection. However, ensure that your mask fits snugly and forms a tight seal around your nose and mouth to maximize its effectiveness.

In addition to wearing masks, using air purifiers can help improve indoor air quality. Air purifiers are designed to remove pollutants from the air, trapping them in filters or altering their chemical composition. Look for air purifiers with HEPA filters, which are proven to be effective in removing pollutants. Regularly cleaning your indoor space and ventilating it by opening windows can also help reduce indoor pollution.

By following these measures—staying indoors, avoiding outdoor activities, wearing N95 masks when outside, and using air purifiers indoors—you can significantly reduce your exposure to harmful air pollutants and protect your health. It is also advisable to check the Air Quality Index (AQI) daily through apps or government platforms to stay informed about the air quality and take necessary precautions.

Eat antioxidant-rich foods, stay hydrated, and avoid junk food

The air pollution in Delhi is worsening day by day, and it is imperative to take precautions to protect yourself. Here are some dietary guidelines to help you cope with the toxic air quality:

Eat Antioxidant-Rich Foods

Consuming a balanced diet rich in antioxidants is crucial to combat the harmful effects of air pollution. Antioxidants help protect your body from the damage caused by pollutants. Include foods such as:

• Garlic, which is rich in allicin and has anti-inflammatory properties, reducing damage caused by free radicals.
• Chilli, which is rich in capsaicin, aiding mucus secretion and respiratory health, and also contains beta-carotene, an antioxidant.
• Turmeric, which contains curcumin, a compound with anti-inflammatory and antibacterial properties, can be consumed in the form of turmeric milk.
• Broccoli, which helps eliminate nicotine toxins and contains sulforaphane, aiding in healing lung damage caused by smoking.
• Citrus fruits like oranges and guavas, which are rich in vitamin C, an antioxidant associated with improved lung function.
• Green leafy vegetables, nuts, and oils like soybean and mustard oil, which provide vitamin E and omega-3 fatty acids.

Stay Hydrated

Drinking plenty of water is always important, but it is even more crucial when dealing with air pollution. Water helps flush out toxins that you may inhale and supports overall health. Additionally, consider drinking green tea, which has antioxidant properties.

Avoid Junk Food

Oily and fatty junk foods can create additional stress in your body when dealing with air pollution. These foods may increase inflammation and hinder your body's ability to cope with the toxic environment. Instead, focus on whole, unprocessed foods that provide your body with the nutrients it needs to stay healthy.

In addition to these dietary measures, remember to check the Air Quality Index (AQI) regularly and avoid outdoor activities during "Severe" or "Very Unhealthy" conditions. Wear N95 masks when venturing outdoors, and consider investing in an air purifier for your home.

Use air quality monitors and keep emergency meds handy

Air pollution in Delhi, India, is a major concern, especially during the winter months when various factors contribute to a lethal mix of pollutants. These factors include changing weather patterns, festive fireworks, agricultural residue burning, and vehicle emissions. The air quality in Delhi has been described as a "gas chamber", with the Air Quality Index (AQI) often exceeding 700, posing severe health risks.

To manage your health and safety during such hazardous conditions, it is essential to use air quality monitors and keep emergency medications handy. Here are some detailed instructions and insights on these two crucial aspects:

Air Quality Monitors:

• Real-time Air Quality Data: It is vital to stay informed about the current air quality in your area. Websites like Aqi.in, IQAir, and AirNow provide real-time AQI data for Delhi. Additionally, you can download smartphone applications, such as the Green Delhi app, which also allows you to report complaints and contribute to air quality management.
• Wearable Sensors: Wearable air quality sensors, like those integrated into smartwatches, can provide you with instant personal air quality insights. These devices help you monitor the air around you and take necessary precautions.
• Indoor and Outdoor Monitors: Air quality monitors can be used both indoors and outdoors. They measure common air pollutants and alert you to unsafe levels, enabling you to make informed decisions about your environment.
• Smart City Projects: Delhi has initiatives like the Prana Air smart city project, which provides air quality monitors, drones, outdoor air purifiers, and data dashboards to improve air quality management.

Emergency Medications:

• Inhalers: During periods of extreme air pollution, inhalers can be life-saving. Keep inhalers handy and follow your doctor's instructions for their proper use. Regularly monitor your breathing to identify any signs of distress.
• Breathing Analyzers: These devices help you manage your breathing and avoid respiratory problems. They can also assist in detecting respiratory distress, prompting you to seek medical attention promptly.
• Medications for Specific Conditions: If you have pre-existing health conditions, such as asthma, epilepsy, or diabetes, ensure you have the necessary medications readily available. Air pollution can aggravate these conditions, and immediate access to medication can be crucial.
• First Aid Kits: It is advisable to have well-stocked first aid kits at home and when travelling. This ensures that you have basic medications and supplies readily available in case of any health emergencies.

Remember, while using air quality monitors and keeping emergency medications is essential, it is equally important to follow other preventive measures, such as staying indoors, wearing N95 or N99 masks, and using air purifiers when necessary. Additionally, eat antioxidant-rich foods, stay hydrated, and avoid junk food to support your overall health during periods of poor air quality.

Check AQI daily via apps and government platforms

It is important to check the Air Quality Index (AQI) daily in Delhi, especially during the winter months, as the air quality is a severe challenge and can pose serious health risks. Delhi's annual 2025 AQI of 168 shows a 2.59% decline in air quality compared to 2024, and the situation is worsening year on year.

There are several apps and government platforms available to check the AQI in Delhi. The official government platform is the Delhi Pollution Control Committee's (DPCC) real-time ambient air quality tracker, which provides the latest air quality data from various locations in Delhi. The interface displays a map of Delhi with target icons that, when clicked, provide detailed air quality data for that specific location. While the website is prone to glitches, the data is accurate. However, it only covers Delhi and not the entire NCR region.

The Central Pollution Control Board's official app, Sameer, provides hourly updates of the National Air Quality Index (AQI) and allows users to register air pollution-related complaints. Another app, SAFAR (System of Air Quality and Weather Forecasting and Research), is a project by the Indian government's Ministry of Earth Sciences and is available on both Android and iOS devices.

Additionally, websites like aqicn.org offer mobile-friendly, real-time data for Delhi's air quality, pulling information from official sources like the DPCC website.

For those seeking air quality solutions, Prana Air offers monitoring solutions for various indoor spaces, including schools, hospitals, banks, cinemas, and real estate, utilising tools such as drones, outdoor air purifiers, and data dashboards.

Government policies and individual preventive measures

Delhi, the capital of India, is the most polluted city in the world. The air quality levels in the city are a severe health risk, with 2.2 million children suffering irreversible lung damage due to poor air quality. The government has implemented several policies and individuals can take preventive measures to combat this issue.

Government Policies

The Indian government has acknowledged the problem of deteriorating air quality and has taken steps to address it. The National Clean Air Programme (NCAP) has set time-bound goals for improving air quality across the country, with a focus on 132 cities that do not meet air pollution standards. The NCAP provides a framework for cities to develop air quality management plans and offers guidance on policies. The government has also set aside $1.7 billion to fight air pollution in 42 Indian cities with populations of over a million.

To tackle the issue, the government has focused on expanding renewable energy, promoting electric vehicles, and supplying LPG cooking fuel to households. India has strengthened vehicular and industrial emission standards and is working with the World Bank to implement state and regional plans for cleaner air. The government has also formed a Commission for Air Quality Management in the National Capital Region and the adjoining area.

In Delhi, specific action plans have been drawn up for 13 identified pollution hotspots to mitigate local sources of air pollution. The city has implemented the Graded Response Action Plan (GRAP), which categorises air quality into four stages, triggering stricter pollution control measures as the air quality deteriorates. These measures include banning waste burning, enforcing dust control at construction sites, daily road cleaning, strict vehicle emission checks, and regulating the use of diesel generators. During periods of severe air pollution, the government has shut down schools, construction activities, and power plants.

Individual Preventive Measures

Individuals can also play a role in preventing air pollution in Delhi. Some recommended measures include:

• Carpooling or using bicycles for transportation to reduce traffic congestion and pollution.
• Using CNG vehicles or fuel-efficient cars, as they are cleaner alternatives to petrol or diesel options.
• Avoiding outdoor activities on smoggy days, using N95 masks and air purifiers, and staying hydrated to protect oneself from the effects of air pollution.
• Eating antioxidant-rich foods and drinking green tea to improve health and reduce the impact of pollution.
• Using the "Green Delhi" app to report complaints and monitor air quality.

Frequently asked questions