Air Pollution Meters: What's In Your Indoor Air?

Indoor air pollution meters, also known as air quality monitors, are devices that use sensors to detect, monitor, and report on specific air pollutants and environmental factors. These devices have become increasingly important as people spend more time indoors, especially in light of the pandemic, and the impact of poor indoor air quality on human health has been recognised. Indoor air pollution meters can detect a range of pollutants, including particulate matter, carbon dioxide, radon, carbon monoxide, and volatile organic compounds (VOCs). They also measure environmental factors such as temperature and humidity, which can impact the growth of common indoor air pollutants like dust mites and mould. These meters help identify sources of indoor air pollution and enable people to take informed actions to improve indoor air quality and maintain their health and well-being.

Particulate matter

Indoor air pollution meters test for particulate matter, which is made up of very small particles and liquid droplets suspended in the atmosphere. These particles can include dust, pollen, smoke, and pollutants from construction sites or wildfires.

The health effects of particulate matter exposure include breathing difficulties, aggravated asthma, coughing, heart attacks, and other respiratory issues. To address particulate pollutants from outdoors, such as smoke, pollen, or exhaust, it is recommended to close windows and doors, use air purifiers, and install HVAC filters.

Indoor air quality meters can detect and monitor particulate matter, providing data on long-term trends and real-time alerts when levels exceed safe thresholds. These meters may also measure other pollutants such as carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, volatile organic compounds (VOCs), temperature, and humidity. While some meters can accurately measure fine particulates, there have been concerns about false readings and the accuracy of sensors.

The EPA has established national air quality standards for particulate matter, and monitors such as the PurpleAir and GRIMM Model 180 are approved for determining compliance with these standards. However, EPA-approved monitors tend to be expensive to purchase and operate. Low-cost alternatives are available, but their accuracy and longevity have been questioned.

Carbon dioxide

CO2 monitors can be used to measure the concentration of carbon dioxide in the air. The concentration of carbon dioxide in indoor spaces is usually higher than in natural outdoor air, and it can rise to levels that impair cognitive function. High concentrations of carbon dioxide can decrease cognitive performance and cause drowsiness.

The CO2.Click Model X is an example of a capable monitor that can be used to detect carbon dioxide. It is made by a small company based in Canada. The Model X is a very simple monitor, but that does not detract from its performance. It is also low cost when compared to monitors from PurpleAir and IQAir.

Radon

There are two main types of radon testing devices: passive and active. Passive devices do not require power to function and include charcoal canisters, alpha-track detectors, and charcoal liquid scintillation devices. Active devices use power and continuously monitor radon levels, providing real-time data. Digital radon detectors and continuous radon monitors are examples of active devices.

After the testing period, the device or a sample is sent to a laboratory for analysis. The results will indicate the radon levels in your home, which can help you determine if mitigation measures are necessary. It is recommended to consult with a radon professional to interpret the results and discuss possible reduction methods if elevated radon levels are detected.

Carbon monoxide

Indoor air pollution meters, also known as air quality sensors or monitors, can detect carbon monoxide levels. These devices are designed to assess the levels of pollutants and environmental conditions within indoor spaces. While some monitors may only measure particular pollutants, more advanced monitors can detect a range of pollutants, including carbon monoxide.

It is recommended to have carbon monoxide alarms installed on each level of a home, especially outside sleeping areas. Additionally, annual professional inspections of fuel-burning appliances are advised to detect any potential carbon monoxide leaks.

Volatile organic compounds (VOCs)

The ability of organic chemicals to cause health effects varies greatly, ranging from highly toxic compounds to those with no known health effects. Key signs or symptoms associated with exposure to VOCs include eye, nose, and throat irritation, headaches, nausea, dizziness, and difficulty breathing. Long-term exposure can damage the liver, kidneys, and central nervous system, and some VOCs are linked to cancer. They may worsen symptoms for people with asthma and COPD.

To reduce exposure to VOCs, it is recommended to read product labels, avoid or limit the use of items with harmful ingredients, safely dispose of unwanted products, and increase ventilation when using products containing VOCs. Opening windows and using fans can also help reduce indoor VOC concentrations. Some air-cleaning devices claim to use ozone to destroy indoor VOCs, but the amount of ozone released can be harmful.

When selecting an indoor air quality monitor, it is important to consider the types of sensors needed. A VOC sensor is crucial, as VOCs pose a more significant threat indoors than outdoors. Monitors with additional sensors for radon, carbon monoxide, and carbon dioxide can also be beneficial for understanding indoor air quality.

Frequently asked questions