Stormwater Runoff: Strategies To Reduce Water Pollution

Stormwater runoff is a significant issue that affects the quality of our water supply. When rain falls on streets, parking lots, and rooftops, it picks up various pollutants such as oil, grease, fertilizers, pesticides, and bacteria, which are then washed into nearby water bodies through storm drains. This leads to water pollution, which has severe environmental and economic impacts. To reduce water pollution from stormwater runoff, individuals can take several actions, such as properly maintaining vehicles, using commercial car washes or washing cars on lawns, reducing fertilizer use, implementing pest management techniques, and picking up after pets. Additionally, proper septic system maintenance and the use of vegetated areas or permeable paving can help minimize the amount of polluted water entering water bodies. These collective efforts can help protect our water resources, prevent flooding, and ensure clean water for future use.

Reduce the use of fertilizers and pesticides

Fertilizers and pesticides are a major source of water pollution from stormwater runoff. These chemicals are often washed away from gardens, farms, and homes during rain or snowmelt events, and can have detrimental effects on the environment. To reduce water pollution from these sources, it is important to minimize the use of fertilizers and pesticides and to properly manage their application when necessary.

One way to reduce the use of fertilizers is to adopt nutrient management techniques. This involves applying nutrients (fertilizer and manure) in the proper amount, at the right time of year, with the right method, and in the right place. For example, farmers can use cover crops or perennial species to prevent periods of bare ground when the soil is most susceptible to erosion and nutrient loss. They can also plant trees, shrubs, and grasses along the edges of fields, especially those bordering water bodies, to absorb or filter out excess nutrients before they reach the water.

Another way to reduce fertilizer use is to implement conservation tillage practices. This involves reducing the frequency and intensity of tilling fields, which can improve soil health, reduce erosion, and decrease the chance of nutrients reaching waterways through runoff. Additionally, farmers can modify their drainage systems to include strategies such as subsurface tile drainage, woodchip bioreactors, saturated buffers, and changes to the drainage ditch system, to reduce nutrient loads while maintaining adequate drainage for crop production.

When it comes to pesticides, one way to reduce their use is to remove part or all of your lawn, as lawns often require the use of pesticides to maintain. Instead, consider replacing your lawn with native, drought-resistant plants, which can also help to reduce stormwater runoff. You can also look for organic alternatives to pesticides, or try integrated pest management techniques, which use natural predators or other methods to control pests without the use of chemicals.

By implementing these strategies, individuals and farmers can play a crucial role in reducing water pollution from fertilizers and pesticides, helping to protect our waterways and the wildlife that depends on them.

Direct stormwater to vegetated areas

Directing stormwater to vegetated areas is an effective way to reduce water pollution from stormwater runoff. Vegetated areas can include your lawn, garden, or yard. Here are some ways to direct stormwater to these areas:

Install a Rain Garden:

Consider installing a rain garden, which is a vegetated area designed to collect rainwater. Rain gardens can be effective in reducing stormwater runoff by allowing water to slowly infiltrate the ground. They also provide an attractive and low-maintenance feature to your property.

Redirect Downspouts:

Redirect your roof's downspouts towards vegetated areas instead of storm drains. This simple action can significantly reduce the volume of stormwater runoff and allow the water to be naturally filtered by plants and soil.

Use Permeable Surfaces:

Install permeable surfaces, such as interlocking stone pavers or permeable pavements, that allow water to infiltrate and penetrate the ground. This prevents water from pooling and directs it towards vegetated areas.

Vegetate Bare Spots:

Ensure that your lawn or yard is well-vegetated to prevent soil erosion. Cover any bare spots or areas of exposed soil with vegetation, as this will help to absorb and filter stormwater.

Use Compost and Mulch:

Add compost to planting soil and dress it with mulch. This improves plant growth, reduces stormwater runoff, and enhances the water retention capacity of the soil.

Create Terraced Landscaping:

Consider creating level landscapes or terracing to increase water absorption. Terraced landscapes not only help direct stormwater to vegetated areas but also provide aesthetic value and make gardening tasks easier.

By implementing these strategies, you can effectively direct stormwater to vegetated areas, reducing runoff and minimizing water pollution. These practices not only benefit the environment but also help beautify your property and create a more sustainable water management system.

Wash your car at a commercial car wash

Washing your car at a commercial car wash is a great way to reduce water pollution from stormwater runoff. This is because, unlike home car washes, commercial car washes are designed to efficiently use and treat water so that it can be safely returned to the region's water sources.

When you wash your car at home, the dirty water, which contains harmful substances such as dirt, oil, exhaust fumes, and soap, flows directly into storm drains and then into nearby streams, lakes, and waterways. This can have a detrimental impact on the environment, as it harms wildlife and destroys sensitive ecosystems.

On the other hand, commercial car washes are required by federal law in the U.S. to drain wastewater into sewer systems. This wastewater is then treated and filtered to remove pollutants and contaminants. This ensures that only clean, safe water is released back into the environment. By preventing these harmful substances from entering natural waterways, commercial car washes play a crucial role in preserving water quality and protecting aquatic habitats.

In addition to being better for the environment, commercial car washes also use water more efficiently. They utilize advanced technologies, such as high-pressure nozzles and water recycling systems, to minimize water consumption. According to the International Carwash Association, professional car washes use about 45 gallons of water per wash, while a typical home car wash can use up to 140 gallons or more. This not only conserves water but also helps alleviate the strain on local water supplies in drought-prone regions.

Furthermore, commercial car washes are often more convenient and can save you time. They employ state-of-the-art equipment, including automated wash tunnels, to get your car clean quickly and efficiently. Many commercial car washes also offer additional services, such as interior cleaning and detailing, that can be challenging to do on your own.

By choosing a commercial car wash over washing your car in your driveway or on the street, you can help reduce water pollution from stormwater runoff. You'll also be supporting businesses that are committed to sustainability and environmental stewardship. So, the next time your car needs a wash, consider visiting a professional car wash facility and doing your part for the planet.

Pick up after your pets

One of the ways to reduce water pollution from stormwater runoff is to pick up after your pets. This is especially important for dog owners, as dog waste can contain harmful bacteria, viruses, and parasites that can infect other animals and humans. Here are some reasons why it is crucial to scoop up your dog's poop:

Common Courtesy

Leaving dog waste unattended is not only unpleasant for others but also poses health risks. Stepping in dog waste can ruin someone's day and cause a terrible odor in cars or public spaces. As a responsible pet owner, it is your duty to clean up after your pet and dispose of their waste properly.

Environmental Impact

Contrary to popular belief, dog waste is not a natural fertilizer. Due to dogs' high-protein diets and digestive systems, their waste is high in nitrogen and phosphorus, which can burn and damage grass and lawns. Additionally, dog waste can be swept into waterways, causing water pollution and spawning underground algae. The Environmental Protection Agency classifies dog excrement as both a nutrient and a pathogen, highlighting its potential for causing serious environmental issues.

Disease Prevention

Dog waste can contain various parasites, viruses, and bacteria, including E. coli, salmonella, roundworms, parvovirus, coronavirus, giardia, and campylobacter. These pathogens can linger in the soil for years, even after the waste breaks down, posing risks to both humans and other animals. By picking up your dog's waste, you help prevent the spread of diseases and protect the health of your pet, other animals, and people in your community.

Water Safety

As mentioned earlier, dog waste can be washed into waterways, including our sewage and plumbing systems. This runoff can carry diseases and contribute to water pollution. Stormwater runoff can then carry these pollutants into nearby lakes, rivers, and bays, leading to closures of swimming beaches and shellfish growing areas. By properly disposing of your pet's waste, you help protect water sources and reduce the risk of waterborne illnesses.

Public Health

Some of the bacteria and parasites found in dog waste, such as Toxocara canis, can cause significant health issues in humans. Toxocara can infect people and other animals, leading to the formation of cysts in vital organs like the liver, brain, or eye, sometimes resulting in blindness. Other parasites, such as hookworms, can penetrate the skin of barefooted humans, causing Cutaneous Larval Migrans, a condition characterized by severe skin inflammation. By picking up your dog's waste, you help reduce the risk of these infections and protect the health of your community.

Maintain your septic system

Maintaining your septic system is critical to protecting groundwater, lakes, and streams, as well as human health. A poorly functioning septic system may not effectively remove pathogens, nutrients, and other chemicals from sewage before it enters the groundwater or lakes. Here are some detailed guidelines to help you maintain your septic system:

Understand Your Septic System

Firstly, it is important to understand the basic components of a septic system. Typically, a conventional septic system consists of a septic tank, a distribution box, and a drain field, all connected by pipes known as conveyance lines. The septic tank temporarily holds the wastewater, allowing heavy solids and lighter scum to separate. This separated wastewater then flows into the distribution box, which evenly distributes it into a network of drain field trenches for further treatment and purification.

Regular Inspections and Pumping

Regular inspections and pumping are crucial to maintaining your septic system. The average household septic system should be inspected at least once every three years by a professional. Household septic tanks typically need pumping every three to five years, depending on usage and the volume of solids in the wastewater. During an inspection, a service provider will check for leaks and examine the scum and sludge layers in your tank. It is important to keep maintenance records and hire licensed professionals for any necessary repairs.

Efficient Water Use

Conserving water and spreading water usage throughout the day and week are essential. Efficient water use improves the operation of your septic system and reduces the risk of malfunctions. Consider installing high-efficiency toilets, faucet aerators, and high-efficiency showerheads to reduce water consumption. Additionally, only run washing machines and dishwashers when they are fully loaded, and avoid long showers to minimize water waste.

Proper Waste Disposal

It is crucial to remember that your septic system is not a trash can. Only human waste and toilet paper should be flushed down the toilet. Do not flush items such as cooking grease, oil, non-flushable wipes, feminine hygiene products, or household chemicals. These items can clog your septic system and harm the living organisms that treat your household waste. Similarly, avoid pouring toxins down the drain, including chemical drain openers, cooking oil, grease, oil-based paints, solvents, or large volumes of toxic cleaners.

Drainfield Maintenance

Your drain field is a critical component of your septic system, and proper maintenance is essential. Do not park or drive on your drain field, as the weight of vehicles can damage the pipes. Keep roof drains, sump pumps, and other rainwater drainage systems away from this area, as excess water can slow down or stop the wastewater treatment process. Consult a professional about the appropriate distance for planting trees, as their roots can grow into your septic system. Native grasses and ground covers are recommended for planting over your drain field.

Additional Tips

• Minimize the use of harsh cleaners, bleach, antibacterial soaps, and detergents.
• Do not dispose of paints, medications, or chemicals through your septic system.
• Keep grease, lint, food, feminine hygiene products, and plastics out of your septic system.
• Pump solids through the tank's maintenance hole regularly, at least once every three years.
• Install and insulate risers to the maintenance hole for improved access.
• Do not plant trees, shrubs, or deep-rooted plants on or near the drain field.
• Do not grow vegetables or locate playgrounds above the drain field.

Frequently asked questions