Treating Pollution-Induced Acne: A Guide To Clear Skin

Acne is a common skin condition that can be influenced by various factors, including internal and external triggers. While genetics, age, hormones, and skin type are known to play a role in acne development, external factors such as environmental pollution are also significant contributors. This is especially true in highly polluted regions, where air pollution can trigger inflammation and worsen acne symptoms. Understanding the impact of pollution on acne is crucial for developing effective treatment strategies and promoting skin health, especially in areas with poor air quality.

How to treat acne caused by pollution

The role of vitamins C and E in fighting acne

Vitamins C and E are two of the skin's natural antioxidants. When tiny dust particles known as PM 2.5, accompanied by ozone and other pollutants, enter the skin, they trigger a chain reaction that starts with the oxidation of sebum on the skin's surface. This causes a deficiency of vitamins C and E, which are two of the skin's natural antioxidants.

Vitamin C is a water-soluble vitamin that acts as a potent antioxidant to protect your skin and other cells from free radical damage. It is found in various fruits and vegetables such as berries, citrus, tomatoes, cabbage, and broccoli. It is also available in supplemental form. Vitamin C can be applied topically to treat acne, as it reduces inflammation and overall irritation. It also ensures that the skin is adequately moisturized.

Vitamin C also plays a critical role in increasing collagen production, which gives the skin ample time to heal. It is also known to relieve cystic acne symptoms. However, it is important to note that while vitamin C may help prevent and restore the skin, it is not a complete acne treatment.

Vitamin E also has antioxidant properties and can be used to combat the damaging effects of pollution on the skin. It can help to protect the skin from environmental stressors and prevent the progression of skin diseases.

In summary, vitamins C and E play a crucial role in fighting acne caused by pollution. They work by reducing inflammation, protecting the skin from free radical damage, and promoting skin regeneration and healing. While vitamin C can be consumed through a healthy diet or applied topically, most experts recommend the latter for reducing acne symptoms.

The impact of air pollution on acne vulgaris

Acne vulgaris is a chronic inflammatory disease of the pilosebaceous unit, characterised by seborrhoea, open and closed comedones, papules, pustules and, in more severe cases, nodules and pseudocysts. It is one of the most prevalent skin diseases responsible for dermatological consultations.

Several internal and external factors can affect acne occurrence and severity. Outdoor air pollution is an external factor that can trigger inflammation of the skin. A study conducted in Beijing found that increased ambient air concentrations of traffic- and industry-related pollutants were associated with an increased number of outpatient visits for acne vulgaris. These pollutants included NO2, PM10, and PM2.5. Another study in Lebanon found a link between exposure to ambient air pollution and the occurrence of inflammatory acne in adults. The results showed that female gender, younger age, and using hydrating cream were associated with a higher prevalence of acne.

Particulate matter (PM), volatile organic compounds, ozone (O3), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), and sulfur dioxide (SO2) are some of the airborne pollutants that have been linked to skin problems. PM2.5, for example, are tiny dust particles that can penetrate the skin's protective barrier, triggering a chain reaction that starts with the oxidation of sebum. This leads to a change in the composition of sebum and a deficiency of vitamins C and E, which are natural antioxidants. As a result, the skin's protective layer of surface lipids is compromised, leading to pimples, excess shine, blocked pores, blackheads, and other oily skin problems.

To protect the skin from the damaging effects of pollution, it is recommended to use skincare products that provide a protective barrier and combat oxidants. This includes emollients and ultraviolet (UVA/UVB) protection. Additionally, public health measures to reduce air pollution, such as improving public transportation, can also help minimise the impact of air pollution on acne vulgaris.

The effects of sun exposure on acne-prone skin

Sun exposure can have both positive and negative effects on acne-prone skin. While a little sun exposure can improve the appearance of acne-prone skin and boost your mood, excessive sun exposure can exacerbate acne and trigger new breakouts.

The sun's UV rays can have a drying effect on inflammatory acne lesions, and the tanning process can make acne marks less obvious. However, this is only temporary, and once sun exposure stops, the acne may flare up again, and acne scars can become pigmented or permanent. Sun exposure is the leading cause of hyperpigmentation, and acne-prone skin is particularly susceptible to this.

Additionally, the sun's rays can damage skin cells by forming free radicals, which hinder wound healing and skin regeneration. This can be particularly problematic for acne-prone skin, as the skin is already inflamed and susceptible to further damage.

To protect acne-prone skin from the sun, it is essential to use sun protection products that are specifically designed for acne-prone skin. These products should be clinically and dermatologically proven to provide effective protection without blocking pores or exacerbating acne. Look for light creams, fluids, or gels with a high protection factor, such as SPF 50+, to ensure adequate protection from UV rays.

It is also important to note that certain acne medications can increase the skin's sensitivity to sun exposure, so it is crucial to check the package insert for any warnings and to consult a dermatologist for advice. Maintaining a proper skincare routine, including gentle cleansing and avoiding excessive washing, can also help manage acne-prone skin when exposed to the sun.

The benefits of exfoliation and cleansers for acne

While there are several internal and external factors that can affect acne occurrence and severity, outdoor air pollution is an external factor that can trigger inflammation of the skin. This is because the pollutants in the air can cause a lipid peroxidation cascade, which stimulates the release of other proinflammatory mediators from keratinocytes and melanocytes, thus establishing a vicious inflammatory cycle.

Exfoliation is the process of removing dead skin cells. It is beneficial for all skin types, especially acne-prone skin. This is because people with acne have a slower rate of desquamation, which is the natural process of shedding dead skin cells. As a result, dead skin cells remain on the skin for longer than they should, clogging pores and creating comedones, which are the first stage of pimples. Exfoliation helps to reduce breakouts by keeping the pores clear and reducing the formation of comedones or blemishes. It also helps to smooth and soften the skin and brighten the complexion.

There are two main types of exfoliants: physical and chemical. Physical exfoliants manually remove dead skin cells by using an abrasive ingredient or implement, such as gritty scrubs, rough cleansing pads, and cloths. However, physical exfoliants are not recommended for acne-prone skin as they can irritate already inflamed skin. Chemical exfoliants, on the other hand, work without abrasive agents by using acids or enzymes to dissolve or loosen the bonds that hold dead skin cells to the skin's surface. Examples of chemical exfoliants include chemical peels, such as trichloroacetic acid (TCA), carbolic or phenol peels, and over-the-counter glycolic peels. Chemical exfoliants can also contain certain acids, such as alpha-hydroxy acids (AHAs) and beta-hydroxy acids (BHAs), which help to remove dead skin cells, unclog pores, and improve skin texture.

Cleansers are also an important part of treating acne caused by pollution. Facial cleansing devices have been reported to be used by 35% of individuals with acne, compared to 16.7% in the acne-free group. However, it is important to note that heavier creams can worsen congestion of pores in the face, leading to inflammation of the sebaceous gland. Therefore, it is recommended to choose hydrating creams that are suited to one's skin type to avoid worsening acne lesions.

Traditional medicine for treating acne

Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) offers a range of treatments for acne caused by pollution. In TCM, the skin is viewed as a reflection of one's internal health, and acne is seen as an external sign of an internal imbalance. This imbalance can be caused by various factors, including poor diet, overworking, stress, congenital conditions, lifestyle, and digestion issues.

One key treatment approach in TCM is the use of herbal medicines, which can be brewed into teas or taken as capsules. These herbal formulas are designed to work with the body's systems, treating the root cause of the condition and the breakout itself. For example, the root of Chinese rhubarb has antiseptic, antibacterial, and astringent properties, helping to clear toxins and heat associated with acne while neutralizing the bacteria. Sulphur, another common ingredient in TCM, has antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and antibacterial properties, helping to balance excess oil and prevent blocked pores.

TCM also classifies food according to its energetic effects, rather than its chemical composition. Certain foods are considered warming, nourishing, cooling, cleansing, or eliminating. By understanding the underlying causes of acne and making dietary adjustments, TCM practitioners believe that acne can be effectively treated. For instance, fungal acne, which resembles traditional acne, can be minimized by avoiding a diet high in sugar and yeasty foods.

Acupuncture is another important treatment modality in TCM for acne. It targets the root cause of the condition, such as regulating the endocrine system and stabilizing hormones, while also reducing inflammation and scarring. Initial evidence suggests that acupuncture may stimulate collagen production and break down built-up fibrosis and adhesions in scarred areas.

In addition to these treatments, TCM emphasizes the importance of lifestyle advice and addressing emotional factors that can contribute to acne, such as stress, hormone imbalances, and irregular sleep patterns. Simple herbal teas can be used to improve the complexion and detoxify acid impurities, which may also lead to improvements in overall wellness, including better sleep and digestion.

Frequently asked questions