Protecting Our Ocean: Solutions To Pollution

Ocean pollution is one of the greatest threats to our planet, with plastic pollution being the most pressing environmental issue. The health of our oceans is vital, as they cover 71% of the Earth and provide nourishment and a habitable climate. The plastic in our oceans has a devastating impact on marine wildlife and ecosystems, as well as human health. It is estimated that 4 to 12 million metric tons of plastic enter the ocean each year, and this amount is projected to triple in the next 20 years. This plastic breaks down into microplastics, which are ingested by wildlife and enter the human food chain, leading to various diseases. To save our oceans, urgent action is required. This includes individual behaviour changes, such as reducing plastic usage, and supporting organizations dedicated to cleaning up our oceans. Additionally, legislation is needed to reduce plastic production and improve waste management. The Ocean Cleanup, a non-profit organization, is working to remove 90% of floating plastic with advanced technologies. Every small action counts in the fight against ocean pollution.

Reduce plastic use and dispose of plastic waste properly

Plastic pollution is one of the greatest threats to ocean health. With skyrocketing plastic production, low levels of recycling, and poor waste management, between 4 and 12 million metric tons of plastic enter the ocean each year. This plastic pollution impacts sea turtles, whales, seabirds, fish, coral reefs, and countless other marine species and habitats.

To reduce plastic use, it is important to opt for reusable alternatives to single-use plastics. This includes items such as grocery bags, plastic wrap, disposable cutlery, straws, and coffee cup lids. Instead of single-use plastic water bottles, carry a reusable bottle in your bag. In addition to reducing plastic use, this can also save you money. When buying products, choose those with non-plastic packaging, such as a glass jar of honey instead of a plastic honey bear.

Another way to reduce plastic use is to buy second-hand items. This includes items such as toys, electronics, and clothing. For items that you rarely need, consider borrowing them instead of buying them. You can also donate or sell your unwanted plastic items that are still in good shape.

Properly disposing of plastic waste is crucial to preventing plastic pollution in the ocean. Recycling is one of the best options for plastic waste disposal. However, it is important to check with your local recycling program to find out which types of plastic they accept, as some types of plastic are not recyclable. When possible, purchase products made from recycled plastic materials.

While incinerating plastic waste can produce energy, it can also release harmful pollutants into the atmosphere. Landfills are another disposal option, but they take up a lot of space and can lead to plastic waste ending up in the ocean and other waterways. Biodegradable plastics are an alternative option, but there are concerns that they may release metals as they decompose.

Support legislation to reduce plastic production

While individual behavioural changes are important, they are insufficient to stop ocean plastic pollution. Therefore, it is crucial to support legislation that targets the root of the problem: plastic production. Here are some ways to advocate for and support such legislation:

At the local level, you can engage with your community and local representatives to push for initiatives that address plastic pollution. This could include attending town hall meetings, joining local environmental organizations, and contacting your local officials to express your support for laws that reduce plastic production and hold plastic producers accountable for their waste.

Nationally, you can advocate for comprehensive federal legislation, such as the 2021 Break Free From Plastic Pollution Act in the United States. This act aims to address the plastic pollution crisis by reducing plastic production and improving waste management practices. Contact your national representatives, senators, or members of parliament to voice your support for similar legislation and urge them to prioritize ocean conservation in their policy-making.

Additionally, many countries are taking steps to reduce single-use plastics. For example, Prime Minister Justin Trudeau of Canada has announced plans to ban certain single-use plastic items, and Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi has expressed his intention to eliminate all single-use plastic in the country by 2022. Support similar initiatives in your country by signing petitions, participating in campaigns, and spreading awareness about the importance of reducing plastic production.

At the international level, hundreds of organizations and businesses have successfully collaborated with United Nations member states to enact a global plastics treaty. Get involved by supporting and donating to organizations working on this issue, such as Greenpeace, the World Wildlife Fund, and The Ocean Cleanup. These organizations are dedicated to removing plastic waste from the oceans and advocating for systemic change to reduce plastic production.

Remember, by supporting legislation that reduces plastic production and improves waste management, you are helping to address one of the greatest threats to ocean health and marine life.

Reduce water usage and prevent contaminated water from reaching the ocean

Water pollution is a critical issue that jeopardises human health and the environment. It occurs when harmful substances contaminate bodies of water, rendering them toxic. With 80% of ocean pollution originating from land, it is essential to reduce water usage and prevent contaminated water from flowing into the ocean. Here are some ways to achieve this:

Reduce Water Usage

• Take shorter showers: Reducing shower time by one minute can save up to 1.8 gallons (8 litres) of water per shower.
• Use water-efficient appliances: When purchasing appliances like washing machines and dishwashers, opt for water-efficient models.
• Fix leaks: Leaking taps and pipes can waste a significant amount of water. Regularly check for leaks and repair them promptly.

Prevent Contaminated Water from Reaching the Ocean

• Use a rain barrel: Collect rainwater in a barrel for gardening or other household purposes. This reduces the demand for treated water and prevents runoff.
• Properly dispose of hazardous waste: Do not pour hazardous substances down the drain, on the ground, or into storm sewers. Dispose of chemicals, oils, and other toxic waste at designated facilities.
• Reduce pesticide and fertiliser use: These products often contain harmful chemicals that can contaminate groundwater and runoff. Limit their use and always follow label directions.

By implementing these measures, we can reduce water usage and minimise the amount of contaminated water that reaches the ocean, contributing to the protection of marine life and ecosystems.

Avoid harmful products like microbeads and non-eco-friendly sunscreens

Plastic pollution is one of the greatest threats to ocean health. Sunscreens containing microplastics, such as microbeads, are a significant contributor to this issue. These tiny plastic particles, often measuring less than 5mm, are added to sunscreen formulas to unite and hold together the ingredients. However, they are not easily biodegradable and can cause detrimental effects on marine life, sewer functions, and even human health. When individuals wash off sunscreen from their bodies, these microplastics are directly released into the ocean, polluting the water and potentially harming marine ecosystems.

To address this problem, it is crucial to avoid purchasing and using sunscreens that contain microplastics or nanoplastics. Opt for plastic-free and ocean-friendly alternatives that do not include microbeads in their formulas. While the Beat the Microbead campaign has raised awareness about the negative impact of microbeads, the proposed legislation only targets these specific particles and rinse-off products. This means that leave-on products like sunscreens, body lotions, and makeup removers are not covered by the legislation, allowing microplastics to continue to be used in these formulations.

In addition to sunscreens, other personal care products may also contain microbeads, such as those designed for exfoliation. It is important to carefully read the ingredient lists and avoid products that include microplastics. Look for brands that align with the clean beauty movement, offering sustainable sourcing and packaging, as well as reef-safe formulations. By making conscious choices and supporting environmentally responsible brands, you can help reduce the amount of microplastic pollution entering our oceans.

Furthermore, it is worth noting that plastic pollution in oceans extends beyond personal care products. Plastic bottles, fishing gear, and other plastic waste also contribute significantly to the issue. Supporting organizations like The Ocean Cleanup, which aims to remove 90% of floating ocean plastic by 2040, is a great way to get involved in tackling this global crisis. Together, by combining individual behavioral changes with advocacy for legislation that reduces plastic production and improves waste management, we can create a healthier future for our oceans and the diverse marine life that depends on them.

Support sustainable fishing practices and avoid unsustainable products

Sustainable fishing practices are essential to protecting the ocean and marine life. The ocean is a crucial source of food and livelihoods for around 10-12% of the global population, contributing $1.2 trillion to the economy annually. However, unsustainable fishing practices, such as overfishing, unregulated fishing, and excessive bycatch, are endangering our oceans.

Overfishing occurs when too many fish are caught, resulting in insufficient adult fish to maintain a healthy population. Scientists can determine the maximum number of fish that can be caught without impacting the future health of the stock. This is calculated by considering factors such as stock size, spawning patterns, juvenile survival rates, and environmental variables like predation. Management measures, such as prohibiting fishing during spawning seasons and setting size limits, are crucial to preventing overfishing.

To support sustainable fishing practices, individuals can opt for certified sustainable seafood products. Organisations like the Marine Stewardship Council (MSC) and the Aquaculture Stewardship Council (ASC) offer certifications to fisheries that meet stringent standards. These fisheries undergo annual audits and are committed to protecting marine resources for future generations. When buying seafood, look for the MSC or ASC logos to ensure minimal environmental impact and responsible fishing practices.

Additionally, consumers can be mindful of the types of seafood they purchase. Certain species may be more susceptible to overfishing due to high demand. For example, bluefin tuna is a highly prized fish, and its population has significantly declined due to commercial fishing methods. By choosing alternative seafood options or opting for certified sustainable sources, consumers can help reduce the pressure on specific species.

Finally, consumers can advocate for legislative changes to address unsustainable fishing practices. This includes supporting initiatives like the 2021 Break Free From Plastic Pollution Act in the United States, which aims to hold plastic producers accountable for their waste. Similarly, individuals can support organisations working to reduce ocean noise pollution, vessel strikes, and entanglement in fishing gear, which pose significant threats to marine life. By combining individual actions with legislative efforts, we can effectively protect our oceans and marine ecosystems.

Frequently asked questions