A School's Guide To Reducing Water Pollution

Water pollution is a pressing issue that can lead to unsafe drinking water, causing diseases and other health issues. Schools can play a pivotal role in reducing water pollution by implementing various measures. From promoting water conservation practices to raising awareness about the responsible disposal of chemicals and medications, schools can foster a culture of environmental stewardship among students and staff. By adopting sustainable landscaping techniques, proper maintenance, and efficient water usage, schools can significantly reduce their water footprint and contribute to the preservation of this precious resource for future generations. In this article, we will delve into specific strategies and initiatives that schools can undertake to minimize water pollution and educate their communities about the importance of water conservation.

How to Reduce Water Pollution in Schools

Avoid flushing pills, liquids, or powders down the toilet

Flushing pills, liquids, or powders down the toilet can have a detrimental impact on the environment and endanger public health. Wastewater treatment plants are designed to remove solids, nutrients, bacteria, and other pathogens. However, they are not equipped to eliminate pharmaceuticals, household chemicals, or toxins from the water. Consequently, these substances can pass through the treatment plant and end up in waterways and the ocean, potentially affecting aquatic life and the ecosystem.

The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) acknowledges the concerns surrounding the environmental impact of flushing certain medicines. They have published a paper evaluating the risks associated with flushing medicines containing 15 active ingredients. While the FDA concluded that the environmental risk was negligible, they emphasized that further data is needed to confirm this finding for some medicines.

It is recommended to avoid flushing medications down the toilet whenever possible. Instead, individuals can dispose of unwanted pharmaceuticals through safe disposal programs, drop-off events, or drug take-back initiatives. For example, the U.S. Drug Enforcement Administration offers National Take Back Initiatives, where secure collection events are held to safely incinerate unused medications. Local law enforcement agencies may also have programs, such as the County Sheriff's RX Drug Drop Box Program, that allow individuals to safely dispose of their unused medications.

In cases where a take-back option is not readily available, individuals should refer to the FDA's Flush List to determine if their medication can be safely flushed. Medicines on this list are those that pose a significant risk of misuse, abuse, or accidental ingestion, with potentially serious consequences, including death. It is crucial to follow the specific disposal instructions provided on the medication's labeling to ensure safe and responsible disposal.

Reduce outdoor water use by maximising natural vegetation cover

Reducing outdoor water usage in schools can be achieved by maximising natural vegetation cover. This can be done by planting more trees, shrubs, and ground covers, which provide greenery throughout most of the year and typically require less water than grass. Native plants are a great choice for flower beds as they have adapted to the local climate and do not need additional watering once established. They also provide learning opportunities for students and can serve as a habitat for wildlife.

To further maximise natural vegetation cover, consider reducing the amount of lawn area and establishing smaller lawns. For areas where landscaping is desired, opt for plants with low water demands. Cluster plants with similar care requirements together to minimise time and water usage. When mowing lawn areas and playing fields, set the mower blades higher, as longer grass shades the soil, improving moisture retention and promoting deeper root growth. This helps the grass survive droughts and become more resilient to damage and disease.

Additionally, proper watering techniques are essential. Water the lawn and flower beds in the morning or evening to maximise water absorption and minimise evaporation. Avoid over-watering, as it encourages fungal growth and shallow root systems that are more susceptible to drought. Apply mulch around shrubs and flower beds to retain moisture, promote plant growth, and control weeds.

By following these practices, schools can reduce their outdoor water usage and promote the benefits associated with natural vegetation, including erosion control, increased biodiversity, and improved water infiltration. These measures contribute to water conservation efforts and provide educational opportunities for students to learn about environmental stewardship.

Use drought-tolerant grasses for playing fields

Schools can play a significant role in reducing water pollution by adopting sustainable practices, such as using drought-tolerant grasses for playing fields. This approach not only conserves water but also helps to maintain a healthy and aesthetically pleasing outdoor space for students and staff. Here are some detailed instructions on how to achieve this:

Choose the Right Grass Type

Select grass species that are known for their drought tolerance, such as Bermudagrass, Zoysiagrass, Buffalograss, St. Augustinegrass, Bahiagrass, and Fescue. These grasses have deep root systems that can access water from greater depths, making them more resilient during dry spells. Consider your location, climate, soil type, and sun exposure when choosing a grass type, as different grasses thrive in specific conditions.

Proper Lawn Care and Maintenance

Drought-tolerant grasses still require proper care to remain healthy and resilient. Follow recommended mowing heights for each grass type, as improper mowing can impact their drought tolerance. For example, Bermudagrass should be maintained at a height of 1-2 inches, while St. Augustinegrass requires regular mowing at its recommended height. Additionally, proper irrigation is crucial, especially during the establishment phase. Water your lawn in the morning or late evening to maximize water absorption and minimize evaporation.

Water Conservation Techniques

Implement water-saving techniques such as using soaker hoses or sprinklers sparingly and avoiding over-watering. Encourage deeper root growth by watering no more than 1 inch per week, promoting drought tolerance. Apply mulch around shrubs and flower beds to retain moisture, suppress weeds, and enhance plant growth. Group plants with similar water needs together to optimize water use and minimize waste.

Reduce Grass Areas

Consider reducing the overall grass coverage on school grounds. This can be achieved by planting more trees, shrubs, and ground covers that require less water. Native plants are well-adapted to the local rainfall conditions and can provide a good habitat for wildlife, creating a natural and educational environment for students.

Student Education and Engagement

Involve students in understanding and implementing water conservation practices. Utilize resources like "That Magnificent Ground Water Connection," which offers classroom activity books for different grade levels, introducing students to water conservation principles. Empowering students with knowledge about water conservation and involving them in sustainable practices can foster a sense of environmental stewardship.

Use native plants in flower beds

Schools can play a significant role in reducing water pollution by adopting sustainable practices and educating students about the importance of water conservation. One effective way to achieve this is by using native plants in flower beds.

Native plants are trees, shrubs, flowers, and grasses that occur naturally in a specific region. They are well-adapted to the local climate and soil conditions, making them more resilient and less labour-intensive. These plants have evolved to utilise water efficiently and typically have deeper root systems that can access groundwater, reducing the need for additional irrigation. By using native plants in flower beds, schools can minimise the amount of water required for maintenance, contributing to water conservation efforts.

Native plants also provide a range of ecological benefits. They act as natural filters, trapping sediments and absorbing excess nutrients, which helps protect aquatic ecosystems from pollution. Their deep root systems slow down stormwater runoff, reducing soil erosion and improving the filtration of nutrients entering the groundwater. Additionally, native plants provide essential habitats and food sources for local wildlife, including pollinators, birds, and other organisms, supporting biodiversity and ecosystem resilience.

When selecting plants for flower beds, schools should choose native species that are adapted to the local rainfall conditions. In regions with heavy clay soil, deep-rooted native plants can improve soil permeability and serve as a natural alternative to managing stormwater. By incorporating a variety of native plants, schools can create aesthetically pleasing environments while also benefiting from their water-efficient and ecologically beneficial properties.

To further enhance the effectiveness of native plants in flower beds, schools can implement additional practices. Applying mulch around flower beds can reduce evaporation, promote plant growth, and control weeds. Additionally, collecting rainwater for irrigation and using soaker hoses or sprinklers efficiently can ensure that water reaches the plant roots directly, reducing waste. By combining the use of native plants with these water-conscious practices, schools can significantly contribute to reducing water pollution and promoting environmental sustainability.

Take short showers and turn off taps when not in use

Taking short showers and turning off taps when not in use is a simple yet effective way to reduce water pollution in schools. This practice not only conserves water but also helps prevent the unnecessary release of pollutants into water sources.

To implement this, schools can encourage students to be mindful of their water usage. Students should be reminded to turn off taps while brushing their teeth or washing their hands, as leaving the tap running can waste several gallons of water. Similarly, students should be advised to take short showers, reducing the time they spend showering. This simple habit can significantly reduce water usage and minimize the amount of wastewater that requires treatment before being released back into the environment.

Schools can also implement practical measures to ensure taps are not left running unnecessarily. For example, installing sensors or timers on taps in restrooms and classrooms can automatically turn off the water flow after a set period. This way, even if a tap is accidentally left running, the water will stop flowing after a short time, reducing waste.

Additionally, schools can promote water conservation by maintaining playing fields and lawns sustainably. Instead of relying heavily on irrigation, schools can adopt water-saving practices such as using drought-tolerant grasses, maximizing natural vegetative cover, and minimizing lawn areas. By reducing outdoor water usage, schools can not only conserve water but also prevent excess chemicals and fertilizers from leaching into water sources.

Educational institutions can play a crucial role in raising awareness about water pollution and conservation. By incorporating these practices into the school routine and curriculum, students will learn the importance of water conservation and develop habits that will benefit the environment and their community in the long run.

Frequently asked questions