Strategies To Mitigate Ozone Pollution For A Greener Tomorrow

Ozone pollution is a pressing issue that affects the health and environment of people worldwide. Ground-level ozone, formed by the reaction of pollutants from vehicles, power plants, and industrial processes with sunlight, poses various respiratory problems, especially for children, the elderly, and those with lung diseases. With rising ozone levels, the consequences for less-developed countries are dire, and almost half a million early deaths were recorded in 2017 alone. To combat this issue, individuals can take actions such as reducing car trips, using public transportation, and refuelling during the evening. Additionally, governments and organizations are implementing strategies, including vapor recovery equipment and emissions standards, to lower emissions and improve air quality.

Reduce car trips and opt for public transportation, carpooling, or walking/biking

Driving a car is likely a person's most polluting daily activity. The power to move a car comes from burning fuel in an engine, and the pollution comes from the by-products of this combustion process (exhaust) and the evaporation of the fuel itself. While ozone is not directly emitted from automobiles, it is formed in the atmosphere through a complex set of chemical reactions involving hydrocarbons, oxides of nitrogen, and sunlight.

Public Transportation

Public transportation produces lower emissions per passenger mile than private vehicles and is constantly improving under California's Innovative Clean Transit rule. Taking public transportation instead of driving alone reduces CO2 emissions by 45%, decreasing pollutants in the atmosphere and improving air quality. It is estimated that public transportation in the U.S. saves 37 million metric tons of carbon dioxide annually.

Carpooling

Carpooling is an easy way to significantly reduce the impact of your commute. Even driving with just one other person can reduce your annual GHG footprint by 2,000 pounds (1 ton) or more. Carpooling can also save you time and money, as you may be able to use the HOV (High Occupancy Vehicle) or carpool lane. Additionally, carpooling allows you to combine errands and save on fuel, further reducing pollution.

Walking and Biking

Walking and biking are not only healthier options for individuals, but they also make communities healthier and more sustainable by reducing air pollution from cars and traffic. Neighborhoods that are less dependent on motor vehicles are safer for those who choose to walk or bike. Choosing to walk or bike can improve your health and reduce your carbon footprint by up to 1,000 pounds (.5 tons) of CO2e annually.

By reducing car trips and opting for public transportation, carpooling, or walking/biking, you can play a crucial role in reducing ozone pollution and improving air quality for yourself and your community.

Refuel your car in the evening

Refuelling your car in the evening is one of many ways to help reduce ozone pollution. Ground-level ozone is a harmful, invisible air pollutant that is most prevalent during the hot summer months. It is formed by a photochemical reaction between nitrogen oxides and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in the presence of sunlight.

By refuelling your car in the evening, you can help keep ozone-forming vapours out of the air during the heat of the day. This is because the rate at which the reactions that form ground-level ozone proceed is related to both temperature and the intensity of sunlight. Therefore, refuelling your car in the evening, when it is cooler, can help to reduce the formation of ground-level ozone.

In addition to refuelling your car in the evening, there are other ways to reduce ozone pollution, including:

• Reducing car trips by combining errands, walking, bicycling, or taking public transportation.
• Using manual or electric yard and garden tools instead of gas-powered equipment.
• Using an electric probe instead of lighter fluid to start a charcoal barbecue.
• Limiting outdoor activities during high ozone levels and scheduling outdoor activities for mornings or evenings when ozone levels are typically lower.
• Using public transportation or carpooling.
• Keeping your car well-maintained and avoiding excessive idling.

Cut down on your energy use

Energy generation is a major contributor to ozone pollution. By cutting down on your energy use, you can help reduce the amount of ozone pollution in the atmosphere. Here are some detailed and direct instructions to cut down on your energy use:

Appliances and Electronics

• Purchase energy-efficient appliances and electronics, such as washing machines, dishwashers, and TVs. Look for the Energy Star label when buying new appliances.
• Operate your appliances efficiently. For example, use a washing machine on a 30-degree cycle instead of higher temperatures.
• Reduce the number of "always-on" appliances. Unplug electronics that you don't use regularly, such as DVD players.
• Use advanced power strips to reduce "vampire loads", which are electricity wasted when electronics are not in use but still plugged in.

Lighting

• Switch to energy-efficient lighting, such as LED bulbs.
• Incorporate more natural daylight into your home by using energy-efficient windows and skylights.
• Turn off lights when you're not using them or when you leave a room.

Heating and Cooling

• Purchase energy-efficient heating and cooling systems.
• Insulate and air seal your home properly to prevent heat loss.
• Adjust your thermostat when you're asleep or away from home. Programmable thermostats can help with this.
• Incorporate passive solar design concepts, such as using energy-efficient windows to make use of natural sunlight for heating.

Water Heating

• Buy an energy-efficient water heater, such as a heat pump water heater.
• Lower the temperature on your water heater. For example, set your fridge to 37 degrees Fahrenheit and your freezer to 0 degrees Fahrenheit.
• Insulate your hot water cylinder, pipes, and radiators to prevent heat loss.

Transportation

• Reduce car trips by combining errands or opting for walking, bicycling, or taking public transportation.
• Refuel your car in the evening to keep ozone-forming vapors out of the air during the heat of the day.
• Use electric vehicles and lawn equipment.

Remember that reducing your energy use not only helps the environment but also saves you money and increases your energy security. Small changes in your daily habits can make a significant impact on reducing ozone pollution.

Use non-toxic, low-VOC cleaning products

Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are a large group of chemicals commonly found in household and industrial products. They are emitted into the air from a variety of activities, including industrial and commercial operations, vehicle refueling, driving, using lawnmowers and other gas-powered equipment, and using certain cleaning products.

Cleaning products that contain volatile organic compounds can contribute to indoor and outdoor air pollution. These products release chemicals that can be directly harmful or react with other chemicals in the air to form harmful by-products. For example, cleaning products containing terpenes, found in pine and citrus oils, can react with ozone to produce formaldehyde and ultrafine particles, which are harmful to human health.

To reduce ozone pollution, it is important to use non-toxic, low-VOC cleaning products. Here are some tips to help you choose and use cleaning products that can reduce ozone pollution:

• Look for ecolabels: Ecolabels are a good way to quickly identify products that are "greener" and less harmful to human health and the environment. However, be cautious of vague or generic claims like "environmentally friendly" or "eco-safe," as these may not be accurate.
• Choose certified products: Opt for cleaning agents that are certified as meeting the US EPA's Safer Product Standards, such as the "Safer Choice" label. The EPA's Safer Choice program certifies products with safer ingredients, making it easier for consumers to identify greener options.
• Avoid pine and citrus oils: Limit the use of cleaning products containing pine or citrus oils, especially on days when ozone levels are high. These oils can react with ozone to produce harmful by-products, such as formaldehyde.
• Use adequate ventilation: Always ensure proper ventilation during and after cleaning. Open doors and windows, and use fans to maximize the circulation of fresh air.
• Rinse surfaces: After cleaning, liberally rinse surfaces with water to remove any residual cleaning agents. Remaining cleaning agents can continue to react with ozone in the air, leading to the formation of harmful pollutants.
• Dispose of unused chemicals properly: Properly dispose of unused or expired cleaning chemicals. Check with your local guidelines for household hazardous waste collection sites to ensure safe disposal.

By following these guidelines and choosing non-toxic, low-VOC cleaning products, you can play a significant role in reducing ozone pollution and improving indoor and outdoor air quality.

Stay indoors on air quality alert days

Staying indoors on air quality alert days is one of the best ways to protect yourself and your family from the harmful effects of ground-level ozone pollution. Here are some detailed and focused instructions to follow on these alert days:

Limit your time spent outdoors

If you have to go outside, try to keep it brief and focus on essential activities. This is especially important for vulnerable individuals, such as children, the elderly, pregnant people, and those with respiratory issues or other health problems. The more time spent outdoors during air quality alerts, the higher the risk of experiencing negative health effects from ozone pollution.

Adjust your outdoor activities

If possible, schedule your outdoor activities for the early morning or late evening when ozone levels are typically lower. If you enjoy running or other strenuous activities, consider substituting them with less intensive exercises like walking. This is because the deep, rapid breathing associated with vigorous exercise increases the health risks of ozone exposure.

Stay informed about air quality

Keep yourself updated on the current ozone pollution levels in your area. Check local news sources such as radio, television, newspapers, or weather apps on your phone for air quality alerts and forecasts. Additionally, follow trusted organisations on social media, such as the Air Pollution Control Division on Facebook and Twitter, or subscribe to receive daily email alerts or text notifications about ozone levels. Knowing in advance when air quality is expected to be poor can help you plan your activities accordingly.

Take extra precautions if you have asthma

If you or someone you know has asthma, it is crucial to carry their inhalers at all times and consider using a face mask when venturing outdoors during air quality alert days. The increased levels of ground-level ozone can trigger asthma attacks and worsen other respiratory conditions.

Avoid high-traffic areas

Stay away from areas with heavy traffic, as vehicle emissions are a significant contributor to ground-level ozone pollution. If possible, opt for walking or biking on less busy routes instead of driving. Not only will you reduce your personal exposure to ozone, but you'll also help lower emissions and improve air quality for your community.

Frequently asked questions