Industrial Noise Pollution: Effective Strategies For Quieter Environments

Industrial noise pollution is a pressing issue that affects the health and well-being of workers and people living near noisy companies. It can cause hearing damage, stress, sleep disturbances, cardiovascular issues, and aggressive behaviour. To reduce industrial noise pollution, a combination of methods is often most effective. Firstly, consider removing the loud noise altogether or replacing loud equipment with quieter alternatives. If this is not possible, control the noise at its source by using sound-absorbing materials, such as insulation, double-pane windows, and weather stripping. Additionally, employ engineering controls such as acoustic enclosures, partial enclosures, and screens to block or reduce noise. Utilise vibration isolation techniques and design the workplace layout to minimise noise emission and exposure. Finally, provide ear protection for workers and ensure compliance with noise regulations.

Use quieter equipment

Using quieter equipment is one of the most effective ways to reduce industrial noise pollution. This can be achieved by selecting equipment that operates efficiently, such as fans, compressors, PD blowers, and engines, which contribute significantly to noise attenuation.

When purchasing new machinery, implement a low-noise purchasing policy. This means opting for quieter equipment over louder, noisier machinery. For example, if you are purchasing a new fan, select one with a lower noise output. This simple switch can make a significant difference in overall noise levels.

In some cases, it may be possible to replace existing loud equipment with quieter alternatives. For instance, if metal-on-metal impacts are causing excessive noise, line chutes with abrasion-resistant rubber to reduce the noise. Similarly, if vibrating machine panels are an issue, add material to reduce the vibration, a method known as 'damping'.

Another way to use quieter equipment is to adjust the speed of fans. Fan noise is directly correlated with fan speed, so making simple adjustments can produce quieter results.

In addition to selecting quieter equipment, it is important to properly maintain machinery. Regular maintenance is essential as machinery will deteriorate with age and become noisier. Listen out for changes in noise levels, as this may indicate that it is time to replace worn or faulty parts.

Move noisy tasks away from the main work area

Moving noisy tasks away from the main work area is a crucial step in reducing industrial noise pollution. Here are some detailed strategies to achieve this:

Enclose Noisy Machinery

The use of acoustic enclosures is an effective way to contain noise at its source. These enclosures are designed to reduce, minimise, or attenuate noise from specific equipment or machinery. They are typically constructed with steel panels and noise-absorbing materials, and can include features such as acoustic doors, windows, and ventilation systems. Enclosures can be customised to fit the machine, ensuring a tight seal that maximises noise reduction. This approach is advantageous as it avoids major modifications to the machine itself and offers a long-term solution, with well-designed enclosures lasting over 25 years without maintenance.

Create Designated Noisy Areas

Designate specific areas within the facility for noisy operations. This can be achieved by setting up partial acoustic enclosures or using noise blankets to create temporary barriers. By localising noise within these designated areas, the impact on the main work area is significantly reduced.

Reorganise Workflow

Rearrange the workflow to keep noisy machinery and processes away from areas where employees spend most of their time. This can be done by carefully planning the layout of the workplace, ensuring that noisy tasks are conducted in designated areas, separate from the main work area.

Implement Noise Barriers

Use physical barriers and screens to block the direct path of sound from noisy tasks to the main work area. These barriers can be strategically placed to deflect or absorb sound waves, reducing the amount of noise that reaches employees.

Distance Noisy Sources from Workers

Increase the distance between noisy machinery and workers. By simply moving noisy equipment further away from the main work area, the noise exposure can be significantly reduced. This approach is particularly effective when combined with other strategies, such as the use of enclosures or barriers.

Adjust Work Schedules

If possible, adjust work schedules to minimise the number of employees exposed to noise during particularly loud operations. For example, schedule noisy tasks during off-peak hours or when fewer employees are present in the main work area. This approach not only reduces noise exposure but also contributes to a healthier work environment for employees.

Use noise-absorbing materials

Noise-absorbing materials are an effective way to reduce industrial noise pollution. These materials are designed to reduce the reflection of sound waves off hard surfaces and prevent their transmission from one location to another.

There are two main types of noise-absorbing materials: acoustic absorbers and acoustic barriers. Acoustic absorbers are made from porous and open-cell materials, such as open-cell foam or mineral wool, and are used to line the surfaces around noise-generating equipment. They improve acoustic conditions and reduce noise reverberation, resulting in quieter operation and compliance with regulatory standards. Acoustic barriers, on the other hand, block sound waves from passing through walls, ceilings, floors, and enclosures. They are typically made from materials such as Mass Loaded Vinyl (MLV) or PVC, which offer excellent sound insulation and corrosion resistance.

When choosing noise-absorbing materials, it is important to select the right type for your specific application. Acoustic absorbers are ideal for reducing noise reverberation and improving overall acoustic conditions. They are commonly used in industrial settings to line the surfaces around noisy equipment, such as fans, blowers, and compressors. Acoustic barriers, on the other hand, are better suited for blocking sound transmission through walls, enclosures, or other structures. They can be used to create acoustic enclosures or to enhance the sound insulation of existing walls and ceilings.

In addition to traditional acoustic materials, innovative approaches to noise-absorbing materials are also being explored. For example, researchers have developed sound-absorbing materials using industrial waste products such as waste tyre rubber and fly ash combined with cement. These composite materials not only provide efficient acoustic properties but also offer environmental benefits by reducing waste volume and promoting recycling.

By strategically incorporating noise-absorbing materials into industrial settings, businesses can effectively reduce noise pollution, creating a safer and more comfortable environment for workers and nearby residents.

Create partial enclosures and screens

Partial enclosures and screens are an effective method of noise reduction in factories where complete enclosure is not feasible due to large openings required for continuous access or other reasons. They are particularly beneficial for operators of noisy machines, as they can be designed to shield the worker from the noise of their own machine.

Partial enclosures can take various forms, including tunnels, open-sided boxes, hoods, and screens. They are typically customised for each situation, but they can also be made from standard panels if they are not needed for extended periods.

The effectiveness of partial enclosures depends on the degree of enclosure, with more enclosed structures providing greater noise reduction. These structures primarily limit the escape of high-frequency noise, which is more directional. A partial enclosure with a high degree of enclosure can achieve a noise reduction of about 20 dB above 500 Hz.

To maximise noise reduction, the opening of the partial enclosure should face a wall covered with sound-absorbing material or be baffled with a screen. If the top of the enclosure is open, placing sound-absorbing material on the ceiling above can further increase noise reduction.

Additionally, it is essential to line all surfaces of the partial enclosure with an effective sound-absorbing material to prevent noise reflection and escape through the opening. Suitable materials include mineral wool, glass wool, and polyurethane foam.

Use ear protection

Hearing issues are the most common physical ailment found in factory workers, so it's important to take noise protection seriously. Here are some tips for using ear protection to reduce industrial noise pollution:

Choose the Right Ear Protection

Ear protection comes in various forms, including earplugs and earmuffs. It is important to select a safe noise protection device that doesn't go too far into your ear canal. Custom-moulded earplugs are also an option and can provide a more comfortable and secure fit.

Wear Ear Protection Consistently

Wearing ear protection consistently is crucial, especially when working in loud environments. This includes any loud work environment, such as those with machinery, large vehicles, or construction zones. Unions often require construction workers to have their hearing tested multiple times a year, highlighting the importance of hearing protection in these settings.

Avoid Adding to the Noise with Music Devices

Many workers use iPods or other music devices to drown out background noise, but this can add to the overall noise pollution and strain on your ears. Instead, opt for noise-cancelling earplugs or headphones to reduce the noise without adding to it.

Be Mindful of Other Health Factors

Smoking and high blood sugar levels can also impact your hearing. Smoking can damage cells in your ear canal, so it's important to get your blood sugar levels checked regularly if you smoke.

Avoid Sticking Objects in Your Ears

It's important never to stick anything inside your ear canal, including cotton swabs or other stick-like objects. These can damage your hearing by puncturing your eardrum or creating a build-up of wax and debris.

Store and Maintain Ear Protection Properly

Proper care and storage of ear protection devices are essential. Keep them in a clean, dry place and ensure they are maintained according to the manufacturer's instructions. Regularly check for any damage or wear and replace them as needed.

Know When to Replace Ear Protection

Ear protection devices, such as earplugs, should be replaced regularly. Foam earplugs, for example, are typically designed for single use, while custom-moulded earplugs may last longer with proper care. Always refer to the manufacturer's guidelines for replacement recommendations.

Frequently asked questions