Reducing Air Pollution: Strategies For Construction Sites

Construction activities have a significant impact on air pollution, with the sector contributing 23% of air pollution globally. The use of diesel engines, demolition, burning, and toxic materials are major sources of air pollution in construction. As a result, there is an urgent need to adopt sustainable practices and reduce the environmental impact of construction projects.

Use greener fuel and local sources

Using greener fuel and local sources is an effective way to reduce air pollution during construction. Construction companies should opt for sustainable sources of fuel and prioritise local suppliers to reduce fuel emissions from travel and the carbon footprint of materials.

One way to achieve this is by adopting hybrid technology in place of diesel-powered machinery. For example, Volvo is currently testing a prototype hybrid excavator that runs on electricity generated by the down-swing of its boom arm. This reduces fuel consumption and emissions, thereby lowering the environmental impact. Additionally, construction companies can use low-sulphur diesel to power equipment and vehicles, which can also help reduce emissions.

Another strategy is to source local materials to reduce the need for long-distance transportation. This not only reduces fuel emissions but also helps support the local economy. Construction companies can also improve their existing equipment by using particulate filters and catalyst converters, which can help capture and reduce emissions released into the atmosphere.

Furthermore, construction companies should implement effective site controls and regulations to minimise emissions. This includes ensuring that vehicles and machinery are switched off when not in use and avoiding unnecessary use. Proper forward planning can also help prevent queues of supply chain vehicles during peak construction periods, reducing idle time and associated emissions.

Repurpose buildings

Repurposing buildings is an effective way to reduce air pollution during construction. With the changing economic landscape, many cities and towns across the UK have seen businesses, retail stores, and tenants move out due to the rise of home working. Repurposing these existing buildings for new occupants is a more sustainable approach than constructing new buildings, as it significantly reduces air pollution by eliminating the need for large-scale physical construction and land clearance.

The construction industry accounts for a significant proportion of air pollution, with construction and built environments contributing 4% of particle emissions. Construction activities such as the use of plant machinery, demolition, site clearance, and the use of chemicals release emissions into the atmosphere, causing air pollution. By repurposing buildings, we can avoid these emissions and reduce the environmental impact of construction projects.

Repurposing buildings can also help address the issue of vacant properties in areas affected by economic changes. Instead of constructing new buildings from scratch, we can adapt and enhance the use of existing structures, reducing the demand for new construction projects. This not only reduces air pollution but also contributes to the revitalisation of communities by bringing new life to vacant spaces.

Additionally, repurposing buildings can be more cost-effective than new construction. Renovating and retrofitting existing structures can often be more financially viable than starting from scratch, especially when considering the potential savings in material and transportation costs. Repurposing buildings can also help reduce the carbon footprint of the construction industry by minimising the need for new materials and reducing the fuel emissions associated with transporting them.

Furthermore, repurposing buildings can promote sustainability and reduce waste. By adapting existing structures, we can reduce the amount of construction waste that ends up in landfills. This not only reduces air pollution but also contributes to a more circular economy, where resources are reused and recycled instead of discarded.

Use targeted monitoring services

Using targeted monitoring services is an essential step in reducing air pollution during construction. It involves collecting accurate and real-time data on on-site emissions to understand the impact of construction activities on air quality. While passive monitoring may provide data, it does not help address the problem.

Companies such as EMSOL provide real-time data on pollution sources by attributing emissions to specific vehicles or NRMM (non-road mobile machinery). This enables construction companies to take prompt action to mitigate pollution rather than simply observing it. EMSOL's approach to pollution management is evidence-based, making it simpler to manage.

Similarly, Kunak AIR stations are another technology used to monitor air quality in real time. These stations measure various parameters, including CO, NO2, SO2, O3, PM1, PM2.5, PM10 particles, temperature, humidity, and atmospheric pressure. This data helps construction companies make informed decisions to reduce their environmental impact.

By investing in targeted monitoring services, construction companies can identify the sources of pollution and implement effective strategies to reduce air pollution. This proactive approach ensures that construction activities do not compromise the air quality and the health of surrounding communities.

In addition to monitoring, construction companies should also focus on using more sustainable materials, implementing strict regulations, and adopting innovative technologies to achieve a harmonious balance between development and environmental preservation.

Upgrade machinery

Upgrading machinery is an essential step in reducing air pollution during construction. Older machinery can be a significant contributor to on-site pollution and emissions. Here are some ways construction companies can upgrade their machinery to reduce their environmental impact:

Hybrid Technology

Hybrid technology is an innovative solution to reduce the environmental impact of construction activities. Volvo, for instance, is currently testing a prototype hybrid excavator that operates on electric power generated from the downswing of its boom arm. This technology significantly reduces fuel consumption and emissions, minimising the carbon footprint of construction sites.

Electric and Low-Emission Machinery

Transitioning to low-emission or electric construction equipment is a crucial step towards reducing air pollution. Many companies are now investing in hybrid excavators, loaders, and generators. This shift to low-emission machinery can substantially decrease nitrogen oxides (NOx) and particulate matter (PM) emissions, which are major contributors to air pollution and respiratory illnesses.

Cleaner Fuel Alternatives

Switching to cleaner fuel alternatives, such as biodiesel or ultra-low sulfur diesel, is another effective strategy. While the initial costs may be higher, the long-term benefits of improved air quality and regulatory compliance make it a worthwhile investment. Cleaner fuels reduce harmful emissions from construction machinery, contributing to a healthier environment.

Regular Maintenance

Well-maintained machines are more efficient and emit fewer pollutants. Scheduling regular maintenance, such as oil changes, filter replacements, and tune-ups, can make a noticeable difference in reducing emissions. This simple step ensures that construction machinery runs optimally and minimises its environmental impact.

Fuel Efficiency

Construction companies should also focus on fuel efficiency by adopting fuel-efficient technologies and practices. This includes utilising solar-powered equipment and tools, which can significantly reduce on-site emissions. Additionally, implementing effective site controls and regulations, such as ensuring vehicles are switched off when not in use, can further decrease unnecessary pollution.

Upgrading machinery is a crucial step towards minimising air pollution during construction. By investing in newer, more efficient, and environmentally friendly technologies, construction companies can reduce their carbon footprint and contribute to a healthier, more sustainable future.

Use more sustainable materials

The construction industry is responsible for a large proportion of global emissions, and the production and use of materials such as cement, steel, and aluminium have a significant carbon footprint.

Opt for recycled and locally sourced materials:

• Using recycled materials can reduce the need for destructive mining practices and decrease the environmental impact of transportation.
• Sourcing materials locally can also help to reduce emissions associated with transportation.

Choose sustainable alternatives to conventional materials:

For example, instead of steel and iron, which contribute to global black carbon emissions, consider materials with a lower environmental impact.

Reduce, reuse, and recycle:

• Implement strategies to minimise waste generation, such as increasing operational efficiency and choosing waste-reducing technologies.
• Explore industrial recycling options, such as the EPA's Industrial Recycling Program, which focuses on construction waste and demolition debris recycling.

Embrace "green" solutions:

• Opt for environmentally friendly tools, products, and materials designed to minimise waste and energy consumption.
• Look for materials and products that are specifically designed to be more sustainable and eco-friendly.

Protect ecological resources:

• Aim to safeguard animals and marine life in the construction area.
• Complete projects efficiently, using processes that have the least environmental impact.

By adopting these strategies, the construction industry can play a crucial role in reducing air pollution and creating a greener, more sustainable future.

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