Meghan Hodges
Wildfires can produce a range of harmful air pollutants, from cancer-causing substances to tiny particles that can aggravate existing health problems and increase the risk of heart attack or stroke. The biggest health threat from smoke is from fine particles that can get into your eyes and respiratory system, causing health problems such as burning eyes, a runny nose, and illnesses such as bronchitis. Here are some ways to protect yourself from the dangerous air pollutants caused by fires.
What You'll Learn
Stay indoors, close windows and use air filtration
Staying indoors with the windows closed and using air filtration are effective ways to protect yourself from air pollution caused by fires. When wildfires occur, they release a complex mixture of gases and fine particles into the atmosphere, which can cause serious health issues, especially for those with pre-existing heart and lung conditions.
Stay Indoors
If you are in an area affected by wildfires, it is advisable to remain indoors as much as possible. Wildfire smoke can spread far beyond the immediate location of the fire, and even if you are far away, you may still be exposed to smoke and its associated health risks. Staying indoors helps to limit your direct exposure to the harmful pollutants and particles present in the outside air.
Close Windows
When indoors, it is important to keep the windows closed. Closing the windows creates a barrier between the indoor and outdoor air, reducing the amount of smoke and harmful particles that can enter your living space. This is particularly crucial if you live in a leaky house, as the reduction in indoor air pollutants can be as little as 10% in such cases.
Use Air Filtration
Using air filtration systems can significantly improve the air quality inside your home during periods of wildfire smoke or heavy air pollution. If you have a central air conditioning system, running it can help filter the air as it passes through. However, be sure to keep the fresh air intake closed and the filter clean to prevent pulling additional smoke inside. If you have an HVAC system with a fresh air intake, set it to recirculate mode or close the outdoor intake damper.
Additionally, consider investing in an air purifier or air filter, as these are highly effective at improving indoor air quality. If you do not have access to these devices, a do-it-yourself (DIY) air cleaner can be created using a box fan and a MERV 13 air filter. This combination has been tested and proven effective by the U.S. EPA researchers.
By following these guidelines, you can effectively reduce your exposure to harmful air pollutants and protect your health during periods of air pollution caused by fires.
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Avoid outdoor exercise and vigorous activities
If you live in an area where the air quality is affected by fires, it is important to take steps to protect yourself from air pollution. One of the key recommendations is to avoid outdoor exercise and vigorous activities. Here are some detailed guidelines to help you stay safe:
Firstly, it is crucial to understand the air quality conditions in your area. The Air Quality Index (AQI) is a helpful tool provided by the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). It offers a colour-coded guide to inform you about the air quality. When the AQI reaches unhealthy levels, it is advisable to eliminate outdoor activities. You can download apps like California Smoke Spotter or visit websites like AirNow Fire and Smoke Map to stay updated on the latest air quality information.
Secondly, if you have to engage in any outdoor activities, it is essential to take precautions. Wear a well-fitting N95 respirator mask to reduce your intake of pollutants. N95 masks are highly effective in protecting against fine particles in the air. If you have a medical condition that affects your breathing, consult your doctor before using an N95 mask.
Thirdly, be mindful of the impact of vigorous activities on your exposure to air pollution. Being active increases your breathing rate and volume, which, in turn, raises your intake of air pollutants. This allows the pollutants to penetrate deeper into your lungs. Even if you exercise in a space with clean air, such as a well-filtered gym, you may still experience increased tiredness due to accumulated exposure to pollutants throughout the day.
Additionally, consider the overall time spent outdoors and the level of exertion. The health effects of exposure to smoke and air pollution depend on these factors. If possible, limit your time outdoors and opt for indoor activities instead. If you are driving, keep your windows closed, and set your air conditioner to recirculate the air to avoid pulling in polluted air from outside.
Lastly, create a safe space indoors by reducing indoor pollution. Avoid activities that can contribute to indoor air pollution, such as burning candles, using gas stoves, or vacuuming. If possible, use an air purifier or air filtration system to improve the air quality in your home. By focusing on one room, you can create a cleaner air space that provides a safe haven during periods of intense wildfire smoke or air pollution.
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Wear N95 or P100 respirator masks
When it comes to protecting yourself from the harmful effects of air pollution caused by fires, one of the most effective measures is to wear a respirator mask. Specifically, N95 or P100 respirator masks are highly recommended by health professionals. These masks are designed to filter out the fine particles and gases released into the air when wood and other organic materials burn, which can cause a range of health issues, from eye irritation to respiratory infections and even more serious problems like heart attacks or strokes.
It is important to prioritize your health by investing in a quality respirator mask. NIOSH-approved N95 or P100 masks are the gold standard. NIOSH, or the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, is a government agency that rigorously tests respirators to ensure they meet stringent performance and protection standards. Their approval is a testament to the mask's ability to provide a substantial barrier against harmful pollutants.
When purchasing an N95 or P100 mask, be cautious of counterfeits. Hundreds of knockoff masks are available online, but they lack the crucial NIOSH certification. To ensure you are getting a genuine product, buy from reputable retailers and look for the NIOSH approval label on the mask. Additionally, pay attention to the comfort and fit of the mask. A quality N95 or P100 mask should form a tight seal, fitting snugly and comfortably on your face to ensure optimal protection.
For those with unique medical considerations, it is always advisable to consult your doctor before using a respirator mask. They can provide guidance and ensure that the mask will not cause any adverse effects given your specific health circumstances. By taking these precautions and choosing NIOSH-approved N95 or P100 respirator masks, you can significantly reduce your exposure to harmful pollutants and take control of your health during periods of air pollution caused by fires.
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Monitor air quality and follow official guidance
It is important to monitor air quality and follow official guidance to protect yourself from air pollution caused by fires. The biggest health threat from smoke is the fine particles that can enter your eyes and respiratory system, causing health issues such as burning eyes, a runny nose, and respiratory infections.
You can monitor your local outdoor air quality on AirNow.gov or check your phone's weather app. The Air Quality Index (AQI) provides a simple, color-coded guide to help you understand the air quality in your area. When the AQI in your area is yellow (Moderate), caution is advised for those with chronic heart or breathing-related conditions. When it is orange (Unhealthy for sensitive groups), take action to protect yourself. If it is red (Unhealthy), even healthy individuals are at increased risk of irritation and respiratory infection.
In addition to monitoring air quality, it is crucial to follow the instructions provided by local emergency management officials. Stay indoors if authorities advise you to do so, and reduce your exposure to wildfire smoke. If you have a forced air heating and cooling system, ensure the filter has high pollutant removal efficiency to improve the air quality in your home. If you must go outside, reduce your smoke exposure by wearing a NIOSH-approved respirator or an N95 mask.
If you live in an area with a high risk of wildfires, it is important to prepare ahead of time. Learn about the fire and smoke outlook for your region, and consider creating a clean room in your home and investing in portable air cleaners or HVAC filters to manage indoor air quality.
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Clean up ash and debris carefully
Ash and debris from fire damage must be cleaned carefully to prevent further air pollution and health issues. It is important to wait until conditions improve and it is safe to be outdoors before beginning the clean-up process. This is because ash particles can be toxic if breathed in or touched with wet skin. Ash from burned buildings may contain metals, chemicals, and potentially asbestos, which can be hazardous to your health. Therefore, it is crucial to avoid activities that stir up ash and to prevent children from playing in ash or being in areas where ash-covered materials are being disturbed.
When cleaning up ash, it is important to wear protective clothing and a respirator mask to avoid inhaling harmful particles. The recommended protective gear includes a tight-fitting N95 or P100 respirator mask, gloves, long-sleeved shirts, long pants, and closed shoes. Avoid sweeping ash, as this can aerosolize harmful particles and further pollute the air. Instead, use water and a wet cloth or mop to clean items and surfaces. Scoop up the captured ash and debris and dispose of them appropriately. Avoid using leaf blowers at all costs, as these can spread harmful particles over a wider area.
If you experience any symptoms related to exposure to smoke or soot, such as repeated coughing, shortness of breath, difficulty breathing, wheezing, chest tightness or pain, palpitations, headaches, nausea, or unusual fatigue, stop cleaning and consult your doctor. It is important to note that anyone with heart or lung problems should not participate in ash clean-up due to the potential health risks.
In addition to cleaning ash from surfaces, it is important to consider the impact on carpets, upholstery, and window treatments. Commercial cleaning may be necessary for these items. Ash has a high pH, and in large amounts, it can be harmful to people, the environment, and aquatic life. Therefore, it is crucial to protect storm drains from ash and cleaning chemicals. This can be done by diverting water away from storm drains or using gravel bags, filter fabric, fiber rolls, etc., to filter the wash water.
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Frequently asked questions
If you need to go outside, use a well-fitting N95 or P100 respirator mask. These masks are proven to reduce the intake of fine particles when worn properly. Surgical masks are not effective.
Stay indoors with the windows and doors closed. If your windows have cracks, use a damp towel to cover them to limit the air from outside. If you have central air conditioning, running it should help since the air is filtered as it runs through the system. If you have an air purifier or air filter, use it to improve indoor air quality. Avoid activities that increase indoor pollution, such as burning candles, using gas stoves, and vacuuming.
Stay hydrated and eat well. If you are experiencing skin irritation, use a hydrating moisturizer to keep smoke particles out of your pores. If the smell of the smoke is bothering you, try dabbing a bit of essential oil under your nose or using a strong-scented chapstick.
