Battling Water Pollution: Malaysia's Strategies For Clean Water

Water pollution is a pressing issue in Malaysia, with various factors contributing to the contamination of water sources. The country's rapid development and industrialization have led to an increase in toxic substances from agricultural, urban, and industrial sources, which dissolve into and mix with water bodies, degrading water quality. Chemicals, waste, plastic, and other pollutants are endangering the health of both humans and the environment. To overcome water pollution in Malaysia, a range of measures need to be implemented, including the treatment of wastewater, the promotion of eco-friendly alternatives, and the adoption of sustainable agricultural and industrial practices.

How to overcome water pollution in Malaysia

Reduce the use of toxic chemicals in cleaning products

Malaysia's socio-economic development has been fuelled by its water resources. However, the country's water situation has changed from one of abundance to scarcity due to population growth, urbanization, industrialization, and agriculture. These factors have also contributed to rising water pollution.

To reduce the use of toxic chemicals in cleaning products, consider the following:

• Opt for natural, eco-friendly, or less harmful cleaning products. Baking soda and vinegar are two common natural cleaning products that are safe and effective.
• Avoid mixing cleaning products, as this can create toxic fumes and chemical reactions that are harmful to your health and the environment. For example, mixing bleach with ammonia or acidic substances can produce chlorine gas and chloramine vapors, which can cause respiratory issues.
• Use gloves when cleaning to reduce the risk of chemicals irritating or damaging your skin or being absorbed into your bloodstream.
• Be cautious when using multiple cleaning products consecutively on the same surface. For instance, if you wipe a surface with one product and then spray it with another, you may trigger harmful chemical interactions.
• Properly dispose of toxic chemicals and cleaning agents. Do not pour them down the sink or toilet, as they can contaminate water sources.
• Reduce the use of bleach and detergent as much as possible. These products contain strong chemicals that can be harmful to the environment and your health.
• Minimize the use of fertilizers and pesticides, as these can also contribute to water pollution.

Avoid single-use plastics

Malaysia has formulated The Roadmap to Zero Single-Use Plastic 2030, and plastic straws were banned in Kuala Lumpur, Putrajaya, and Labuan from 1 January 2019. However, the lack of implementation and enforcement has proven ineffective. To overcome water pollution in Malaysia, it is imperative to reduce plastic consumption, particularly single-use plastics.

Single-use plastic products (SUPs) are designed for disposal after one use and end up in landfills, incinerators, or the environment, persisting for centuries. The overproduction of single-use plastic is unsustainable, and Malaysia's throwaway culture has led to significant plastic pollution, with 2.29 kg of plastic waste produced per person in 2019. Plastic waste harms the environment, human health, and communities, with microplastics ingested by marine life and wildlife.

To address this issue, individuals can take several measures to avoid single-use plastics:

• Reusable water bottles: Instead of buying bottled water, opt for a reusable water bottle. This reduces the demand for single-use plastic bottles, which are a major source of plastic pollution in Malaysia.
• Refill and reuse: Choose products with refillable or reusable packaging whenever possible. For example, instead of buying small packets of snacks, consider buying larger quantities in reusable containers.
• Avoid disposable cutlery and containers: Whenever possible, opt for reusable cutlery and containers instead of single-use plastic alternatives. Bring your own utensils and containers when dining out or ordering takeaway.
• Support sustainable businesses: Prioritize businesses that use eco-friendly packaging and those that offer refill and reuse options. Support companies that take responsibility for their plastic waste and work towards reducing their environmental impact.
• Reduce, reuse, recycle: Embrace the "reduce, reuse, recycle" principle. Reduce your consumption of single-use plastics, reuse items whenever possible, and recycle plastic waste through proper channels.

By taking these steps, individuals can play a crucial role in reducing single-use plastic pollution and contributing to a cleaner, healthier environment in Malaysia.

Improve waste disposal practices

Malaysia's socio-economic development has been fuelled by its abundant water resources. However, population growth, urbanization, industrialization, and agriculture have put immense pressure on these resources, leading to water scarcity and pollution.

Improving waste disposal practices is crucial to overcoming water pollution in Malaysia. Here are some measures that can be implemented:

• Public Education and Awareness: Malaysians should be educated on the proper disposal of waste, especially hazardous materials. People should be encouraged to reduce plastic consumption, reuse and recycle materials, and properly dispose of oils, chemicals, and non-biodegradable items.
• Agricultural Practices: Farmers should be educated on the environmental impact of their practices. Fertilizers, pesticides, and other chemicals used in agriculture can contaminate groundwater and nearby water bodies. Implementing environmentally friendly agricultural practices and promoting sustainable farming methods can help reduce water pollution.
• Industrial Waste Management: Industries should be held accountable for their waste disposal practices. They should be required to treat their wastewater and properly dispose of toxic sludge and chemicals. The government should enforce environmental laws and regulations, such as the Environmental Quality Act 1974 and the Water Service Industry Act 2006, with stricter penalties for non-compliance.
• Sewage Treatment: The treatment of sewage waste is essential to reducing water pollution. Malaysia should invest in improving its sewage treatment infrastructure and ensure that all wastewater is properly treated before being released back into the environment.
• Partnerships and Collaboration: Collaboration between the public and private sectors is crucial. Partnerships can help improve waste disposal practices by combining resources and expertise. Local communities, businesses, and environmental organizations should work together to develop and implement waste disposal solutions.
• River and Waterbody Conservation: Efforts to conserve and rehabilitate rivers, wetlands, and other water bodies are essential. Initiatives such as the National Lake Conservation Plan (NLCP) and the National Wetland Conservation Program (NWCP) should be supported and adequately funded. Regular monitoring of water quality and enforcement of environmental laws will help protect these vital water sources.

Promote organic farming and gardening

Malaysia's water resources have been critical to the country's socioeconomic development over the decades. However, the country's water situation has changed from one of abundance to scarcity due to population growth, urbanization, industrialization, and the expansion of irrigated agriculture, which have also contributed to rising water pollution.

One way to overcome water pollution in Malaysia is by promoting organic farming and gardening practices. The Centre for Environment, Technology and Development, Malaysia (CETDEM), a non-profit organization, has been at the forefront of this initiative, promoting sustainable development, including organic farming, since 1985. CETDEM established the Organic Farming Community Centre (OFCC) in Petaling Jaya to serve as a hub for activities promoting organic farming and ecological sustainable living among urban families and the broader community. The OFCC also houses a Slow Food Kitchen, where freshly picked produce from the Centre's garden is used to demonstrate healthy food preparation without the use of MSG, excessive salt, sugar, or oil.

Baba, a company committed to promoting organic farming, has set up a specialized department to develop strict environmentally friendly standards for organic farming. The Earth Tag Organic Standard, established by Baba, is based on the organic standards of six countries and is well-suited to Malaysia's farming environment. It is also a member of the International Federation of Organic Agriculture Movements (IFOAM) Family Standards. The Earth Tag certification not only ensures the authenticity of organic farmers but also protects consumers.

To further promote organic practices, CETDEM offers courses and training, including part-time courses on organic farming and kitchen gardening, organic farming courses, and weekend farming courses on organic composting. Additionally, Baba has initiated the "Helping Organic Farmers" program to educate farmers interested in adopting organic planting methods.

By encouraging organic farming and gardening, Malaysia can reduce the use of chemical pesticides and synthetic fertilizers, which contribute to water pollution. This approach not only safeguards human health but also protects the land and the environment, fostering a sustainable agricultural ecosystem.

Vote for political candidates who prioritize protecting waterways

Malaysia's water resources have been the basis for the country's socio-economic development over the past decades. However, population growth, urbanization, industrialization, and the expansion of irrigated agriculture have put immense pressure on these resources, leading to water scarcity and pollution issues.

To address these challenges, it is crucial to vote for political candidates who prioritize protecting waterways and promoting sustainable water management. Here are some reasons and strategies to consider:

Understanding the Issues

Kelantan, for instance, is facing several environmental crises that impact the lives of its people. The Nenggiri Hydroelectric Project, supported by both major candidates, poses a significant threat to the livelihoods of the Indigenous people in the region. It is essential to research and understand the stances of candidates and parties regarding environmental conservation, anti-logging policies, and developmental initiatives.

Voting for Environmental Protection

By voting for candidates committed to sustainable development and environmental protection, you can contribute to positive changes in environmental policies and practices. This includes ensuring the preservation of natural resources and biodiversity, as well as protecting the health and well-being of communities affected by climate change.

Encouraging Climate Voter Recruitment

Get involved by sharing posters on social media or displaying them in your car window. This helps to recruit other climate voters and makes your demands visible to politicians. It is essential to make your voice heard and let the candidates know that you prioritize the environment and people's well-being over profit.

Holding Politicians Accountable

Demand clear commitments and concrete action plans from candidates. Their statements should go beyond general rhetoric and address specific issues, such as the rights and welfare of Indigenous people and the impacts of developmental projects on the environment. Hold them accountable for their past actions and ensure they prioritize protecting waterways and the environment.

Participating in Elections

Malaysia has a history of political instability, with recent events like the 2020-2022 political crisis and the COVID-19 pandemic contributing to the resignation of two prime ministers. Despite these challenges, it is essential to stay informed about election processes and participate in voting. Since 2021, Malaysian citizens aged 18 and above are automatically registered to vote, making it crucial to exercise this right and choose representatives who prioritize environmental issues.

In summary, addressing water pollution and promoting sustainable water management in Malaysia requires collective efforts. Voting for political candidates who prioritize protecting waterways is a crucial step towards achieving long-term positive changes and ensuring a prosperous and sustainable future for the country.

Frequently asked questions