Brian Barton
When venturing into the wilderness, it's essential to practice responsible waste management, especially when it comes to human waste. Making poo in the wild hard to waste involves adopting Leave No Trace principles, such as digging a cathole at least 6-8 inches deep and 200 feet away from water sources, trails, and campsites. After use, bury the waste with the original soil and disguise the site to minimize its impact on the environment. Additionally, using biodegradable toilet paper and packing it out in a sealed bag, along with hand sanitizer for hygiene, ensures that you leave the wilderness as pristine as you found it. These practices not only protect ecosystems but also respect fellow outdoor enthusiasts by maintaining the natural beauty of the area.
| Characteristics | Values |
|---|---|
| Location Selection | Choose a site at least 200 feet (70 steps) from water sources, trails, and campsites. Use designated areas if available. |
| Digging a Cathole | Dig a hole 6-8 inches deep and 4-6 inches wide. Use a trowel or stick. |
| Toilet Paper Use | Use biodegradable, unscented toilet paper. Pack it out in a sealed bag if not biodegradable. |
| Waste Disposal | Bury human waste in the cathole. Do not burn or leave it exposed. |
| Sanitization | Use hand sanitizer or soap and water after disposal. |
| Waste Bagging (if required) | Use a "wag bag" or sealable bag for packing out waste in sensitive areas. |
| Minimizing Impact | Avoid repeated use of the same area. Scatter natural materials (dirt, leaves) over the cathole. |
| Urination | Urinate in a cathole or on durable surfaces like rocks or gravel. |
| Group Considerations | Spread out catholes to minimize soil impact in high-traffic areas. |
| Leave No Trace Principle | Follow all Leave No Trace guidelines to preserve wilderness areas. |
| Biodegradable Products | Use biodegradable soap and hygiene products if water is available. |
| Emergency Situations | In snow, pack out waste or bury it deeply in a cathole. |
| Wildlife Precautions | Keep waste buried to avoid attracting animals. |
| Regulations Compliance | Follow local regulations, especially in national parks or protected areas. |
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What You'll Learn
- Bury It Deeply: Dig a 6-12 inch hole, deposit waste, cover with soil, and disguise the site
- Use Biodegradable Bags: Pack out waste in compostable bags if burying isn’t possible or ethical
- Choose Ideal Locations: Avoid water sources, trails, and camps; opt for dry, secluded areas
- Minimize Toilet Paper: Use minimal, biodegradable TP or natural alternatives like leaves (if safe)
- Disperse Waste Widely: If animals are a concern, scatter waste to prevent attracting scavengers
Bury It Deeply: Dig a 6-12 inch hole, deposit waste, cover with soil, and disguise the site
In the wilderness, proper waste disposal is crucial for maintaining ecological balance and preventing contamination of water sources. One of the most effective methods to ensure human waste decomposes naturally and remains inconspicuous is to bury it deeply. This technique, when executed correctly, minimizes environmental impact and reduces the risk of attracting wildlife. The process begins with digging a hole 6 to 12 inches deep, a depth sufficient to keep odors contained and deter animals from digging up the waste. This simple yet vital step is the foundation of responsible wilderness sanitation.
The act of burying waste deeply is not just about digging a hole; it’s a deliberate practice that requires attention to detail. After depositing the waste, it’s essential to cover it completely with soil, ensuring no traces are left exposed. This not only accelerates decomposition by introducing bacteria-rich soil but also prevents the spread of pathogens. Disguising the site by scattering leaves, twigs, or other natural debris over the area is the final step, making it nearly impossible for others to detect. This method is particularly effective in forested areas where organic material is abundant and blends seamlessly.
While the technique is straightforward, its success hinges on location selection. Avoid burying waste within 200 feet of water sources, campsites, or trails to prevent contamination and maintain aesthetics. Additionally, consider the soil type; sandy or loamy soils allow for easier digging and better decomposition compared to clay-heavy soils. For those in arid regions, adding a small amount of water to the hole can aid the breakdown process, though this should be done sparingly to avoid creating a runoff risk.
One common misconception is that deeper holes are always better, but exceeding 12 inches can be counterproductive. Deeper holes may reach layers of soil lacking the necessary bacteria for decomposition, slowing the process. Moreover, digging excessively deep holes can disturb root systems and harm plant life. Striking the right balance—6 to 12 inches—ensures both ecological safety and practical efficiency. This method is not only environmentally sound but also aligns with Leave No Trace principles, fostering a sustainable approach to outdoor recreation.
In practice, burying waste deeply is a skill that improves with repetition. Carrying a lightweight trowel can make the process more efficient, though a sturdy stick or rock can suffice in a pinch. For groups, designating a single cathole per person per day minimizes the cumulative impact on the environment. By mastering this technique, outdoor enthusiasts can enjoy nature while leaving it untouched, ensuring that wilderness remains pristine for future generations. It’s a small but significant act of stewardship that underscores the interconnectedness of human actions and natural ecosystems.
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Use Biodegradable Bags: Pack out waste in compostable bags if burying isn’t possible or ethical
In remote wilderness areas, burying human waste isn’t always feasible or responsible. Soil composition, wildlife activity, and proximity to water sources can render this method ineffective or harmful. When faced with such constraints, biodegradable bags offer a practical solution. These compostable bags, often made from plant-based materials like cornstarch or PLA (polylactic acid), are designed to break down naturally over time, minimizing environmental impact. Unlike traditional plastic bags, which persist for centuries, biodegradable options degrade into organic matter, leaving no trace of synthetic pollutants.
To use biodegradable bags effectively, follow a simple process. First, select bags certified as compostable under standards like ASTM D6400 or EN 13432, ensuring they meet rigorous biodegradability criteria. After defecating, deposit the waste into the bag, seal it tightly, and pack it out with your gear. Avoid leaving the bag exposed to wildlife by storing it in a secure container or odor-proof bag. While this method requires carrying extra weight, it’s a small price for preserving ecosystems where natural decomposition processes are unreliable.
Critics argue that biodegradable bags may not break down as quickly in cold or dry environments, but this concern is mitigated by proper disposal. Once home, dispose of the bag in a composting facility or designated waste stream, not in regular trash. Industrial composting systems provide the heat and microbial activity needed to accelerate decomposition, ensuring the waste transforms into harmless organic material. For backpackers and campers, this approach aligns with Leave No Trace principles, prioritizing environmental stewardship over convenience.
A comparative analysis highlights the advantages of biodegradable bags over alternatives. Burying waste risks contaminating groundwater or attracting scavengers, while catholes in high-traffic areas can lead to soil degradation. Packing out waste in non-biodegradable bags merely shifts the problem, as plastic persists indefinitely. Biodegradable bags, however, close the loop by returning organic matter to the earth without leaving a synthetic footprint. This method is particularly crucial in fragile ecosystems like deserts, alpine regions, or areas with slow microbial activity.
In practice, adopting biodegradable bags requires a shift in mindset. It demands acknowledging that not all wilderness areas can absorb human waste without consequence. By embracing this solution, outdoor enthusiasts can enjoy nature responsibly, ensuring their presence doesn’t compromise the health of the environment. The takeaway is clear: when burying isn’t an option, packing out waste in compostable bags isn’t just a choice—it’s a duty.
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Choose Ideal Locations: Avoid water sources, trails, and camps; opt for dry, secluded areas
Selecting the right spot to relieve yourself in the wilderness is as crucial as packing the right gear. The goal is to minimize environmental impact while ensuring hygiene and safety. Start by steering clear of water sources, including rivers, lakes, and streams, as human waste can contaminate these areas, posing risks to both wildlife and other campers. Trails and campsites are equally off-limits; these high-traffic zones increase the likelihood of someone stumbling upon your waste, disrupting their experience and leaving a negative impression of outdoor ethics. Instead, aim for dry, secluded areas where decomposition occurs naturally without disrupting ecosystems or spoiling someone’s hike.
Consider the terrain and soil type when choosing a location. Dry, sandy, or mineral-rich soils are ideal because they promote faster decomposition and reduce odor. Avoid areas with heavy vegetation or wetlands, as these environments slow breakdown and can spread pathogens. If possible, look for spots with partial sunlight, which aids in drying out waste and accelerating natural processes. For instance, a patch of loose soil under a sparse tree canopy is far better than a damp, shaded thicket. Always dig your cathole at least 200 feet (approximately 70 adult steps) from the nearest water source, trail, or campsite to ensure you’re not inadvertently affecting these sensitive zones.
The depth and placement of your cathole matter just as much as its location. Dig a hole 6–8 inches deep and 4–6 inches wide, ensuring it’s large enough to contain your waste but not so deep that it reaches the water table. In snowy environments, pack out your waste in a sealed bag, as decomposition is nearly impossible in freezing temperatures. If you’re in a rocky or arid area where digging is difficult, use a portable trowel or consider carrying a "wag bag" designed for waste disposal. Remember, the goal is to leave no trace, so cover the cathole with the original soil and disguise it with natural materials like leaves or pine needles.
Choosing the right location isn’t just about convenience—it’s about respecting the environment and fellow outdoor enthusiasts. By avoiding water sources, trails, and camps, you reduce the risk of contamination and maintain the natural beauty of the wilderness. Opting for dry, secluded areas ensures that your waste decomposes efficiently without becoming an eyesore or hazard. This practice aligns with Leave No Trace principles, fostering a sustainable approach to outdoor recreation. It’s a small but impactful step that collectively preserves wild spaces for future generations.
Finally, consider the cumulative effect of your actions. Even if one poorly chosen location seems insignificant, multiply that by thousands of visitors, and the impact becomes clear. By consistently selecting ideal spots, you contribute to a healthier ecosystem and a more enjoyable experience for everyone. Educate fellow campers on these practices and lead by example. After all, the wilderness isn’t just a place to visit—it’s a home to countless species and a resource to protect. Your choices today determine its condition tomorrow.
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Minimize Toilet Paper: Use minimal, biodegradable TP or natural alternatives like leaves (if safe)
In the wilderness, every scrap of waste counts, and toilet paper is no exception. Traditional TP doesn’t decompose quickly and can leave unsightly remnants in otherwise pristine environments. To minimize your impact, adopt a "less is more" approach. Carry biodegradable toilet paper specifically designed for outdoor use, which breaks down faster than standard varieties. When using, tear off only what’s necessary—typically 2-3 small squares per use. This not only reduces waste but also lightens your pack weight over time.
Natural alternatives can further decrease reliance on TP. Leaves, smooth stones, or snow (in winter environments) are viable options, but caution is key. Avoid plants with thorns, toxic sap, or those in sensitive ecosystems. Broad-leaved plants like mullein or non-poisonous ferns are safer choices. Always inspect the area first and never harvest from endangered or protected species. If unsure, stick to biodegradable TP. This method requires mindfulness but aligns with the "leave no trace" ethos by eliminating foreign materials entirely.
The transition to minimal TP or natural alternatives isn’t just eco-friendly—it’s a shift in mindset. It encourages a deeper connection with your surroundings and fosters resourcefulness. For instance, carrying a small trowel to dig catholes (6-8 inches deep) and using natural materials for cleaning reduces the need for TP altogether. Pair this with proper waste disposal—burying used TP or packing it out in a sealed bag—to ensure minimal environmental impact.
Finally, consider the long-term benefits. By minimizing TP use, you contribute to preserving wilderness areas for future generations. It’s a small but meaningful step toward sustainable outdoor practices. Start by packing only a quarter of your usual TP supply and gradually adapt to natural alternatives as you gain confidence. Remember, the goal isn’t perfection but progress—every sheet saved makes a difference.
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Disperse Waste Widely: If animals are a concern, scatter waste to prevent attracting scavengers
In the wilderness, the presence of human waste can attract scavengers, increasing the risk of animal encounters and disrupting ecosystems. To mitigate this, dispersing waste widely is a practical strategy. By scattering fecal matter over a broad area, you dilute its scent, making it less likely to attract animals like bears, coyotes, or birds. This method is particularly useful in areas with high wildlife activity or when camping in remote locations where proper waste disposal facilities are unavailable.
The key to effective waste dispersion lies in technique and timing. After defecating, use a stick or trowel to break the waste into smaller pieces, ensuring it is not clumped together. Then, scatter these pieces in a wide, fan-like pattern, ideally over a distance of at least 200 feet (60 meters) from your campsite, water sources, and trails. This distance minimizes the chances of animals being drawn to your immediate area. Avoid scattering waste uphill or in areas where rainwater could carry it into streams or campsites, as this can contaminate water sources and spread pathogens.
While dispersing waste widely is effective for reducing animal attraction, it is not a foolproof method for all scenarios. In regions with persistent scavengers like bears, additional measures such as carrying a bear-resistant canister or using a cathole at least 6–8 inches deep and 200 feet from sensitive areas may be necessary. However, in less wildlife-dense areas, wide dispersion can be a sufficient and environmentally conscious approach. It’s crucial to assess the local wildlife and terrain before deciding on the best waste management strategy.
A common misconception is that scattering waste contributes to environmental harm. When done correctly, this method minimizes impact by reducing the concentration of waste in any single area, allowing natural decomposition processes to occur without attracting animals. However, it’s essential to avoid areas with fragile vegetation or sensitive habitats, such as alpine meadows or wetlands. Always prioritize Leave No Trace principles, adapting your approach to the specific environment you’re in.
In practice, combining waste dispersion with other techniques can enhance its effectiveness. For instance, pairing scattering with the use of biodegradable toilet paper and natural cover materials (like dirt or leaves) can further reduce visibility and scent. Additionally, educating fellow campers or hikers on proper waste dispersion techniques ensures collective responsibility for minimizing wildlife interactions and environmental impact. By adopting this method thoughtfully, you contribute to safer and more sustainable wilderness experiences.
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Frequently asked questions
Bury your waste in a cathole at least 6-8 inches deep and 200 feet away from water sources, trails, and campsites. Use a trowel or stick to dig the hole and cover it completely afterward.
Pack out all toilet paper in a sealed plastic bag to minimize environmental impact. Alternatively, use natural materials like leaves or smooth stones, ensuring they are biodegradable and not harmful to the ecosystem.
Choose a sunny, well-drained spot with organic soil to aid decomposition. Avoid areas with slow decomposition rates, like sandy or rocky soil. Covering the waste with a thin layer of dirt and leaves can also help speed up the process.
