Air Quality Monitoring: Check Your Surroundings

Air pollution is a serious issue that affects the health of millions of people worldwide. It refers to substances in the air that are harmful to human health or the planet. To protect ourselves and our communities, it is essential to monitor air pollution levels. Fortunately, there are now several tools and technologies available to help us do just that. From real-time air quality maps to portable sensors, we can now easily access air pollution data and take necessary precautions to safeguard our health. This article will explore the various methods and technologies available for checking air pollution levels and discuss the importance of staying informed about the air we breathe.

Real-time air pollution maps

There are several online tools that provide real-time air pollution maps. These maps are based on data from over 10,000 stations worldwide, and some cover more than 80 or even 100 countries. They are generally easy to set up, requiring only a WiFi access point and a USB-compatible power supply. Some sources of these maps include the World Air Quality Index Project, AirNow.gov, Airly, and BreezoMeter.

The Air Quality Index (AQI) is based on the measurement of several harmful air pollutants, including particulate matter (PM2.5 and PM10), ozone (O3), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), sulfur dioxide (SO2), and carbon monoxide (CO) emissions. The AQI is calculated using the Instant Cast reporting formula, based on the latest US EPA standard. The AQI scale ranges from 0 (very low) to >100 (very high) and is colour-coded, with green indicating very good air quality and maroon indicating extremely poor air quality.

Airly sensors are small devices that measure the level of outdoor air pollution. They take into account various parameters such as PM1, PM2.5, PM10, temperature, pressure, and humidity. The Airly platform updates its data every three minutes, providing a rolling average of the last full hour.

BreezoMeter also provides live and forecast pollution maps, integrating Google Maps and advanced data and imagery to help users reduce their exposure to air pollution.

Air quality index (AQI)

The Air Quality Index (AQI) is a tool used to communicate information about outdoor air quality and health. The AQI is based on the measurement of particulate matter (PM2.5 and PM10), Ozone (O3), Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2), Sulfur Dioxide (SO2), and Carbon Monoxide (CO) emissions. The higher the AQI value, the greater the level of air pollution and the more significant the potential health concerns.

The AQI is divided into six color-coded categories, each representing a range of index values. An AQI value of 50 or below indicates good air quality, while a value over 300 is considered hazardous. Values at or below 100 are generally considered satisfactory, with higher values indicating an unhealthy level of air quality for certain sensitive groups of people, which can eventually affect everyone as values increase further.

The AQI is widely used and reported by organizations such as AirNow.gov, which provides air quality data for local, state, national, and worldwide areas. AirNow.gov offers interactive maps, mobile apps, and email alerts to help individuals stay informed about air quality in their specific locations.

In Europe, the air quality index is known as the CAQI and has five ranges, with values presented on a scale from 0 (very low) to >100 (very high). This index is used by platforms like Airly, which provides real-time air quality data. Airly uses small sensors that measure outdoor air pollution parameters such as PM1, PM2.5, PM10, temperature, pressure, and humidity. These sensors are placed in specific locations, and the data is updated hourly, providing a rolling average of the last full hour's measurements.

Air pollution sources

There are four main types of air pollution sources: mobile, stationary, area, and natural sources. Mobile sources include cars, buses, planes, trucks, and trains. These account for more than half of all air pollution in the United States, with automobiles being the primary source. Stationary sources, such as power plants, oil refineries, industrial facilities, and factories, emit large amounts of pollution from a single location and are also known as point sources. Area sources are made up of multiple smaller pollution sources that can collectively have a significant impact. These include agricultural areas, cities, and wood-burning fireplaces. Natural sources, such as wind-blown dust, wildfires, and volcanoes, can sometimes contribute significantly but typically do not create ongoing air pollution issues.

Vehicles are a significant contributor to air pollution, with tailpipe emissions from cars, trucks, and other vehicles releasing harmful pollutants into the atmosphere. Older diesel engines, in particular, produce significantly more fine particulate pollution than newer models. Federal regulations have played a crucial role in reducing vehicle emissions by implementing standards for both car manufacturing and fuel production. The removal of lead from gasoline and the reduction of sulfur in diesel fuel have drastically reduced certain air pollutants. Additionally, encouraging active transportation and the use of public transit can help reduce vehicle emissions.

Industrial processes and power generation are another major source of air pollution. Power plants, oil refineries, and industrial facilities release pollutants such as nitrogen oxides (NOx), sulfur oxides (SOx), and particulate matter (PM). The combustion of fossil fuels, especially coal, contributes to the emission of harmful substances, including sulfur dioxide, black carbon, and metals. Efforts to reduce emissions from these sources include regulations such as Minnesota's Mercury Emissions Reduction Act, which mandated a 90% reduction in mercury emissions from coal-fired power plants.

Other sources of air pollution include agricultural activities, residential wood burning, and everyday neighborhood sources. Agricultural emissions, including those from construction and agricultural equipment, contribute to air pollution and have been linked to increased rates of dementia. Residential wood burning for home heating and recreational fires has been increasing over time and is a significant source of fine particle emissions. Neighborhood sources, such as local businesses, heating and cooling equipment, and gas-powered yard tools, expose people to air pollutants frequently and for extended periods. Reducing pollution from these diverse and widespread sources can be challenging but can be addressed through larger-scale efforts, such as manufacturers producing lower-emitting equipment.

Air pollution masks

There are many types of masks available on the market, and not all pollution masks are equal in terms of protection. When choosing an air pollution mask, it is essential to consider its effectiveness in filtering out particles and its seal. The best masks can filter up to 95% of airborne particles down to 0.3 microns in size. Examples of masks that offer this level of protection include KN95, FFP2, and N95 masks. The "N95" label, for instance, means that the mask can filter out at least 95% of airborne particles larger than 0.3 microns. Other masks with similar ratings include the Vogmask™, which uses microfiber filtration fabric to achieve an N99 rating, and the Totobobo mask, which offers a unique heat moulding solution for a custom fit. The Respro® Masks are also a good choice, especially for urban sports enthusiasts, as they are designed for heavy traffic environments and come with two valves for easier breathing and replaceable filters.

It is important to ensure a good seal on your mask to prevent unfiltered airflow. A good seal will create a suction that moulds the mask to the contours of your face. For disposable masks, this suction should be visible, causing the paper to bend inwards. For masks with a firm plastic construction, covering the filters with your palm should stop the inflow of air. Directed outflow through exhaust valves can also help prevent condensation from breath, keeping the inside of the mask dry.

In addition to choosing an effective mask, it is crucial to monitor air pollution levels. Real-time air pollution maps, such as those provided by Airly, World's Air Pollution, and AirNow, can help you stay informed about the air quality in your area. These maps use sensors to measure various air parameters, including particulate matter (PM1, PM2.5, and PM10), temperature, pressure, and humidity. By checking these maps, you can make informed decisions about when to wear a mask and take other necessary precautions to protect yourself from air pollution.

Air quality monitoring solutions

Real-Time Air Quality Monitoring Systems:

Companies like Aeroqual offer integrated, real-time air quality monitoring systems that provide a hassle-free and cost-effective way to measure air quality. These systems can simultaneously measure particulate matter and gaseous pollutants, offering flexibility and accuracy. Aeroqual's ultra-portable handheld monitors are equipped with swappable sensor heads, allowing users to maximize data quality and adaptability.

Low-Cost Air Pollution Monitors:

Low-cost air pollution monitors, also known as air sensors or air quality sensors, are devices that use sensors to detect, monitor, and report specific air pollutants like particulate matter (PM) or carbon dioxide, as well as environmental factors such as temperature and humidity. These monitors provide a simple and quick way to assess indoor air quality and can help identify necessary improvements. However, it's important to note that they may not detect all pollutants and only provide information about specific contaminants they are designed for.

Air Quality Maps:

Online platforms like Airly and WAQI provide interactive air quality maps that allow users to check air pollution levels in their areas. Airly sensors measure outdoor air pollution parameters such as PM1, PM2.5, PM10, temperature, pressure, and humidity, with data automatically updated hourly. The platform uses a 7-level color-coded scale, from green (very good air quality) to maroon (indicating unhealthy air quality). WAQI's real-time air pollution map covers over 80 countries and utilizes laser particle sensors to measure PM2.5 and PM10 particle pollution, which are among the most harmful pollutants.

Air Quality Index (AQI):

The Air Quality Index (AQI) is a standardized scale used to communicate the level of air pollution in a given location. It takes into account various pollutants, including particulate matter (PM2.5 and PM10), ozone (O3), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), sulfur dioxide (SO2), and carbon monoxide (CO) emissions. The AQI helps individuals understand the current air quality and make informed decisions about their activities and health precautions.

Mobile Applications:

Several mobile apps are available, such as AirNow, that provide real-time air quality information. These apps often include features like interactive maps, air quality calculators, and health guidance. Additionally, some apps, like the one accompanying the SAF Aranet 4 CO2 monitor, offer alerts and long-term trends to help users proactively maintain healthy indoor air quality.

By leveraging these air quality monitoring solutions, individuals, communities, and organizations can take control of their environment, make informed decisions, and implement measures to improve the air they breathe.

Frequently asked questions