Meghan Hodges
India has a range of pollution control boards, including the Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) and various State Pollution Control Boards (SPCBs). The CPCB is a statutory organisation under the Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change, with approximately 500 full-time employees. It was established in 1974 under the Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act and is responsible for maintaining national standards under various environmental laws. The SPCBs are responsible for implementing legislation relating to the prevention and control of environmental pollution, alongside the CPCB. One notable SPCB is the Maharashtra Pollution Control Board, which was formed under the provisions of the Water (P&CP) Act and the Air (P&CP) Act.
| Characteristics | Values |
|---|---|
| Name | Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) |
| Type of organization | Statutory organization |
| Parent ministry | Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change (Mo.E.F.C.C.) |
| Year established | 1974 |
| Acts under | Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1974; Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1981; Environment (Protection) Act, 1986 |
| Role | Provides technical services to the Ministry of Environment and Forests; promotes cleanliness of streams and wells; coordinates activities of State Pollution Control Boards; resolves disputes; conducts environmental assessments and research; maintains national standards; monitors water and air quality; works with industries and governments on pollution prevention and energy conservation; advises central government and governments of Union Territories on pollution prevention |
| Employees | Approximately 500 full-time employees, including engineers, scientists, and environmental protection specialists |
| Divisions | 22 |
| Regional directorates | 9 |
| Water quality monitoring stations | 1019 in 27 states and 6 Union Territories |
| Air quality monitoring stations | 621 in 262 cities/towns in 29 states and 5 Union Territories |
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What You'll Learn
The Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB)
The board has approximately 500 full-time employees, including engineers, scientists, and environmental protection specialists. The CPCB's head office is in New Delhi, with nine regional directorates and one project office. The organisation is divided into 22 divisions, each with its own goals and responsibilities.
The CPCB conducts environmental assessments and research, and is responsible for maintaining national standards under various environmental laws. It works with industries and governments at all levels to implement voluntary pollution prevention programs and energy conservation efforts. The board also advises central and union territory governments on preventing and controlling water and air pollution, including the regulation and control of noise-generating sources to maintain air quality standards.
The CPCB collects and manages environmental data, including air and water quality data. It runs the National Air Quality Monitoring Programme (NAMP), which identifies four key air pollutants for regular monitoring across 621 stations in 262 cities/towns in 29 states and 5 Union Territories. The CPCB also collects information from municipal authorities under the Municipal Solid Wastes (Management & Handling) Rules, 2000, and provides them with technical assistance.
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State Pollution Control Boards (SPCBs)
India's Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) is a statutory organisation under the Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change. It was established in 1974 under the Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act and was later entrusted with functions and responsibilities under the Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1981. The CPCB is responsible for maintaining national standards under a variety of environmental laws, in consultation with regional directorates, tribal and local governments.
The CPCB has approximately 500 full-time employees, including engineers, scientists, and environmental protection specialists. It plays a role in the abatement and control of pollution in the country by generating relevant data, providing scientific information, and rendering technical inputs for the formation of national policies and programs. The CPCB also works with industries and all levels of government in various pollution prevention programs and energy conservation efforts.
The CPCB coordinates the activities of the State Pollution Control Boards (SPCBs) by providing technical assistance and guidance and resolving disputes among them. The SPCBs are responsible for the implementation of legislation relating to the prevention and control of environmental pollution.
One example of a State Pollution Control Board is the Maharashtra Pollution Control Board (MPCB), established on September 7, 1970, under the provisions of the Maharashtra Prevention of Water Pollution Act, 1969. The MPCB functions as the State Board under section 5 of the Air (P&CP) Act, 1981, and works towards improving the functional efficiency, transparency of operations, and adequate response to the growing need for environmental protection and sustainable development in the state of Maharashtra.
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Maharashtra Pollution Control Board (MPCB)
India has a Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) and various State Pollution Control Boards (SPCBs). The CPCB is a statutory organisation under the Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change (MoEFCC). It was established in 1974 under the Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1974, and is responsible for coordinating the activities of the SPCBs, providing technical assistance and guidance, and resolving disputes.
One of the SPCBs is the Maharashtra Pollution Control Board (MPCB), which was established on 7 September 1970 under the provisions of the Maharashtra Prevention of Water Pollution Act, 1969. The MPCB functions under the administrative control of the Environment Department of the Government of Maharashtra and implements a range of environmental legislation in the state. The Water (P&CP) Act, 1974, a central legislation, was adopted in Maharashtra on 1 June 1981, and the MPCB was formed under the provisions of Section 4 of this Act. The Air (P&CP) Act, 1981, was adopted in Maharashtra in 1983, and initially, some areas were declared as Air Pollution Control Areas. However, since 6 November 1996, the entire state of Maharashtra has been declared an Air Pollution Control Area.
The MPCB has a website where it publishes notices, such as warnings about false officers/employees claiming to be from the MPCB and entering industries/operations/construction sites to check and monitor pollution, and updates on new board members. The MPCB also publishes information on its website about the improvement in its functional efficiency, transparency in operation, and adequate response to the growing need for environmental protection and sustainable development in the state of Maharashtra.
The MPCB is responsible for planning comprehensive programs for the prevention, control, or abatement of pollution and ensuring their execution. It also collects and disseminates information related to pollution prevention, control, and abatement. Additionally, the MPCB inspects sewage or trade effluent treatment and provides information to municipal authorities while also offering them technical assistance.
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Water and air quality monitoring
India's Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB), a statutory organisation under the Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change (MoEFCC), is the apex body in the country in the field of pollution control. It was established in 1974 under the Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1974, and the Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1981.
The CPCB is responsible for maintaining national standards under a variety of environmental laws, in consultation with regional directorates, tribal, and local governments. It has approximately 500 full-time employees, including engineers, scientists, and environmental protection specialists.
The CPCB is responsible for conducting water and air quality monitoring and maintaining the monitoring data. It manages environmental data statistics, including air and water quality data. In the case of air quality data, the CPCB measures the levels of Sulphur Dioxide (SO2), Oxides of Nitrogen as NO2, Suspended Particulate Matter (SPM), and Respirable Suspended Particulate Matter (RSPM/PM10). These four air pollutants are regularly monitored at all locations under the National Air Quality Monitoring Programme (NAMP), a nationwide programme with 621 operating stations covering 262 cities/towns in 29 states and 5 Union Territories.
For water quality data, the CPCB measures the quality of rivers and ponds, which are primary sources of drinking water in India. India has numerous water sources, including 14 major rivers, 44 medium rivers, 55 minor rivers, and many lakes, ponds, and wells. These water sources are often endangered by wastewater discharges from industries, cities, or towns, which affect the quality of scarce water resources.
The CPCB also monitors meteorological parameters such as wind speed, wind direction, relative humidity, and temperature, integrating them with air quality monitoring. The CPCB's website provides live air quality data from monitoring stations, as well as water quality data, including automatic monitoring data and water quality monitoring of drains under the National Water Quality Monitoring Programme.
The CPCB's nine regional directorates undertake field investigations and send reports on water and air quality monitoring to the head office for further action. Each regional directorate caters to a fixed number of states and executes the schemes prepared at the head office.
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Noise pollution control
India's Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB), a statutory organisation under the Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change, is responsible for coordinating the activities of the State Pollution Control Boards and resolving disputes among them. The CPCB has approximately 500 full-time employees, including engineers, scientists, and environmental protection specialists.
The CPCB is responsible for regulating and controlling noise-producing and generating sources with the objective of maintaining ambient air quality standards. The Noise Pollution (Regulation and Control) Rules, 2000, outline the measures for controlling noise pollution. According to these rules, the noise levels in any area or zone shall not exceed the specified ambient air quality standards. The use of loudspeakers or public address systems is prohibited between 10:00 pm and 6:00 am, except in closed premises for internal communication. Individuals can file complaints if the noise level exceeds the ambient noise standards by 10 dB (A) or more, and authorities are responsible for taking action against violators.
The CPCB collects and manages environmental data, including air and water quality data. It also conducts environmental assessments and research, maintains national standards under various environmental laws, and advises the central government and Union Territory governments on preventing and controlling water and air pollution. The CPCB works with industries and governments at all levels to implement voluntary pollution prevention programs and energy conservation efforts.
Noise pollution in India is a growing concern, particularly in urban areas. A survey conducted by Earth5R in January 2023 found that noise levels in silent and residential areas were nearly 50% higher than the permissible limit of 50 dB. Traffic noise, construction work, and the use of horns are significant contributors to noise pollution in cities. Noise pollution has harmful effects on both human and animal health and behaviour. It can cause insomnia, impair concentration, and disrupt breeding cycles, hastening species extinction.
To address noise pollution, international organisations like the WHO recommend raising awareness and implementing noise-reduction measures. These include avoiding noisy leisure activities, using bicycles or electric vehicles, undertaking chores at appropriate times, and insulating homes with noise-absorbing materials.
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Frequently asked questions
India has one Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) and 9 regional directorates catering to various states. Additionally, there are State Pollution Control Boards (SPCBs) in each state, such as the Maharashtra Pollution Control Board (MPCB).
The CPCB is a statutory organization under the Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change (Mo.E.F.C.C.). It was established in 1974 under the Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1974, and is responsible for promoting cleanliness of streams and wells, as well as improving air quality and preventing, controlling, or abating air pollution.
The CPCB collects and disseminates technical and statistical data relating to water and air pollution, conducts environmental assessments and research, advises the central government on pollution prevention and control, and coordinates the activities of the SPCBs by providing technical assistance and guidance.
The CPCB has approximately 500 full-time employees, including engineers, scientists, and environmental protection specialists.
The National Portal of India provides a single-window access to information and services from all Government Departments, including the CPCB.
