Reducing Vehicle Emissions: Strategies For Cleaner Air

Cars, trucks, buses, off-road vehicles, and planes are all considered mobile sources of air pollution. Vehicle pollutants harm our health and contain greenhouse gases that cause climate change. Burning gasoline and diesel fuel creates harmful byproducts like nitrogen dioxide, carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons, benzene, and formaldehyde. In addition, vehicles emit carbon dioxide, the most common human-caused greenhouse gas. There are several ways to reduce air pollution from cars, such as driving a less-polluting vehicle, maintaining your vehicle, avoiding idling, driving slower, and avoiding short journeys.

Opt for fuel-efficient vehicles, like electric or hybrid cars

One of the most effective ways to reduce your car's air pollution is to opt for a fuel-efficient vehicle. Electric and hybrid cars are excellent options for lowering emissions and improving fuel economy. Here are some reasons why choosing these vehicles can make a significant impact:

Electric vehicles are powered by electric motors, which have very few components and minimal internal friction. This results in higher efficiency, with electric motors achieving 70-95% efficiency compared to 20-25% for gasoline engines. Electric motors can operate at any speed from 0 RPM to their maximum, and they develop maximum torque at all speeds within their power range. This eliminates the need for a transmission, making them more efficient than traditional gasoline engines. Additionally, electric vehicles produce zero tailpipe emissions, contributing to cleaner air quality.

Hybrid vehicles, on the other hand, combine a conventional internal combustion engine (ICE) with an electric motor, generator, and battery. This combination offers several advantages. Firstly, the ICE in a hybrid can be smaller and more appropriately sized for normal operation since the electric motor assists during acceleration. Secondly, the electric motor improves efficiency at lower speeds and when accelerating from a standstill, which is where ICEs are typically less efficient. Moreover, the ICE can be turned off during idling, reducing unnecessary fuel consumption and emissions.

When considering fuel-efficient vehicles, it's worth noting that prices for electric and hybrid cars are becoming more affordable as they gain popularity. The initial cost may have been a barrier for some, but that is changing as they become more common. Additionally, fuel-efficient vehicles can save you money on fuel costs, making them a financially savvy choice as well.

To make an informed decision, utilize resources like the EPA's Green Vehicle Guide and Fuel Economy and Environment Label. These tools allow you to compare different vehicle models and find the most fuel-efficient and environmentally friendly options that align with your needs and budget.

By opting for fuel-efficient vehicles like electric or hybrid cars, you can significantly reduce air pollution from your vehicle. Not only will you lower emissions, but you'll also benefit from improved fuel economy and, in some cases, reduced maintenance costs associated with fewer complex emission controls.

Avoid idling, switch off the engine if you're parked

Idling your car means leaving your engine running while your vehicle is stationary. This is a common practice, especially when stuck in traffic or warming up the car on a cold day. However, it is important to be aware that idling contributes to air pollution and has a negative impact on fuel efficiency.

Firstly, idling cars emit exhaust emissions that release fine particulates into the air and increase the formation of ozone. This contributes to air pollution and has negative consequences for human health and the environment. Modern vehicles do not need to "warm up" in winter, so it is best to avoid idling and only turn on the engine when you are ready to drive.

Secondly, idling wastes fuel and costs money. A car that is idling gets zero miles per gallon, burning fuel that is not used to drive the vehicle. This not only wastes money but also harms the environment by increasing fuel consumption and associated greenhouse gas emissions.

Additionally, excessive idling can damage engine components, including cylinders, spark plugs, and exhaust systems. Most car manufacturers recommend avoiding idling for more than 30 seconds as it is unnecessary and unadvisable. Idling for prolonged periods can also lead to carbon buildup in the engine, reducing engine performance and fuel efficiency over time.

To reduce air pollution and improve fuel efficiency, it is advisable to switch off your engine if you are parked or anticipate being stationary for more than a brief moment. This simple action can make a significant difference in both air quality and fuel costs.

If you find yourself frequently idling due to traffic congestion or other reasons, consider alternative solutions such as using public transportation, carpooling, or opting for a fuel-efficient or electric vehicle. These choices can help reduce vehicle emissions and improve air quality.

Drive slower and steadier, accelerating gradually

Driving slower and steadier, and accelerating gradually, are great ways to reduce your car's emissions. Firstly, it is important to know that vehicles burn less fuel per kilometre at lower speeds. This means that driving slower is better for the climate.

A study by CE Delft estimated that lowering the speed limit for cars to 80 km/h can reduce transport CO2 emissions on highways by 30% in the long term. This is a significant reduction and can make a big difference in reducing air pollution. The study also found that less drastic tightening of speed limits still leads to a 8 to 21% reduction in motorway car emissions.

Additionally, driving at a steadier pace with less stop-and-go driving can also reduce emissions. This is because getting a vehicle moving from a complete stop uses the most energy, so by maintaining a steady speed, you can burn less fuel and emit fewer pollutants.

The optimum speed for most cars, in terms of fuel efficiency, is around 55 miles per hour. When you increase your speed to 65 mph, your fuel efficiency decreases by 8%. At 80 mph, you are 28% less efficient. Therefore, driving slower and steadier, and accelerating gradually, are effective ways to reduce your car's emissions and improve the climate.

Minimise car use, walk or cycle for shorter trips

Minimising car usage and opting to walk or cycle for shorter trips is a great way to reduce your carbon footprint and improve your health. Here are some reasons why you should consider leaving your car behind for shorter trips:

Environmental Benefits

Cars emit harmful pollutants that contribute to air pollution, greenhouse gas emissions, and climate change. By choosing to walk or cycle for shorter trips, you can significantly reduce your carbon footprint. Statistics show that in 2021, 72% of journeys undertaken in England spanned less than five miles, and cars were used for 67% of trips between one and five miles. By switching from driving to cycling, you can reduce your daily life cycle CO2 emissions by 3.2 kgCO2 per day. Walking and cycling produce zero emissions, making them a sustainable and environmentally-friendly choice.

Health Benefits

Walking and cycling offer numerous physical and mental health benefits. According to studies, walking around 10,000 steps per day can decrease the risk of heart disease, cancer, and premature death by 10%. Engaging in these activities regularly improves cardiovascular health, strengthens muscles, and helps maintain a healthy weight. Unlike driving, which often involves prolonged sitting, walking and cycling incorporate physical activity into your daily routine, promoting overall fitness and well-being. Additionally, spending time outdoors and engaging in physical activity can reduce stress, anxiety, and depression. A brisk ten-minute walk can enhance your mental alertness and improve your mood. Walking or cycling also provides an opportunity for mindfulness, allowing you to immerse yourself in the present moment and appreciate your surroundings.

Cost Savings

Walking and cycling are essentially free forms of transportation, requiring only comfortable footwear or a well-maintained bicycle. By replacing short car trips with walking or cycling, you can achieve significant cost savings. Data from the National Travel Survey in England in 2021 showed that a significant portion of the average 757 trips per person were made by car, often for short distances. Opting to walk or cycle for these shorter trips can result in substantial financial savings.

In summary, minimising car usage and choosing to walk or cycle for shorter trips has numerous benefits. You can reduce your environmental impact, improve your physical and mental health, and save money on transportation costs. So, the next time you're considering a short journey, leave your car behind and enjoy the benefits of a more sustainable and healthier mode of transportation.

Keep your car well-maintained and serviced

Keeping your car well-maintained and serviced is essential to reducing its impact on air pollution. Here are some tips to ensure your car is running as cleanly and efficiently as possible:

Firstly, follow the manufacturer's maintenance schedule. This includes getting regular tune-ups and using the recommended motor oil for your vehicle. Refer to your owner's manual for guidance on the specific maintenance requirements of your car. This will help ensure your car is operating efficiently and reduce unnecessary emissions.

Secondly, keep your tyres properly inflated. Under-inflated tyres increase rolling resistance, making your car less fuel-efficient and increasing emissions. Check your owner's manual for the correct tyre pressure and be sure to maintain this.

Thirdly, regularly check that all devices and components are in good working order. This includes items such as diesel particulate filters (DPFs). When not used properly, these can become less effective and may require costly repairs.

Additionally, it is important to keep your car clean, both inside and out. A build-up of dirt and clutter can contribute to indoor air contaminants. Regular cleaning of the interior surfaces and vacuuming of upholstery and floor mats can help reduce dust and other pollutants. Also, ensure any spills are cleaned up promptly to prevent mould growth.

Finally, be mindful of the 'new car smell'. Many of the materials used in car construction, such as plastics, adhesives and paints, can release volatile organic compounds (VOCs) into the cabin air as the car ages. These compounds can include irritants and known carcinogens. To minimise exposure, ensure adequate ventilation when driving, especially on hot days when off-gassing is typically highest.

By following these maintenance and servicing tips, you can help reduce your car's impact on air pollution and also improve its overall efficiency and longevity.

Frequently asked questions