Preventing Surface Water Pollution: Human Actions, Clean Water

Water pollution is a pressing issue, with human activity being the primary cause. From industrial waste to sewage and agricultural runoff, a range of factors contribute to the contamination of our water sources. As a result, it is essential to explore ways in which humans can prevent surface water pollution to protect both the environment and human health.

Surface water pollution refers to the contamination of oceans, lakes, rivers, and other bodies of water. This pollution can be caused by a variety of human activities, including industrial waste, sewage, and agricultural practices. Preventing surface water pollution is crucial as it protects aquatic ecosystems and ensures safe drinking water for communities.

1. Wastewater Treatment: Efficiently treating wastewater before releasing it back into water bodies can help remove pollutants through physical, chemical, or biological processes.

2. Plastic Waste Reduction: Reducing plastic waste is essential as plastics are commonly washed into oceans and other water bodies, degrading water quality.

3. Water Conservation: Conserving water is crucial as it is a scarce resource. Simple actions like turning off the tap while brushing teeth or shaving can make a difference.

4. Proper Septic System Maintenance: Regularly inspecting and maintaining septic systems can prevent the release of bacteria, viruses, and chemicals into local water sources.

5. Stormwater Management: Managing stormwater runoff can help reduce the amount of pollutants that eventually reach rivers, streams, and oceans.

6. Green Agriculture: Adopting environmentally friendly agricultural practices, such as planting trees near water bodies and reducing the use of harmful pesticides, can help prevent water pollution.

By implementing these measures and being mindful of our actions, humans can play a crucial role in preventing surface water pollution and protecting our precious water resources.

Reduce plastic consumption and reuse or recycle plastic

Preventing surface water pollution is essential to protect both the environment and human health. One of the most critical steps is reducing plastic consumption and reusing or recycling plastic materials. Here are some detailed suggestions to help achieve this:

Reduce Plastic Consumption

• Avoid single-use plastics such as plastic bags, plastic wrap, disposable cutlery, straws, and plastic beverage bottles. Instead, opt for reusable alternatives like tote bags, garment bags, silverware, and travel mugs.
• Refuse plastic containers for takeout food and bring your reusable container when dining out.
• Say no to plastic beverage bottles. Carry a reusable water bottle and consider installing a filter on your water tap to refill bottles with filtered water.
• Purchase items in bulk and avoid excessive packaging. Buy from bulk containers and store food items in reusable jars at home.
• Choose clothing made from natural fibres like cotton and wool to reduce the release of synthetic microfibres during washing.
• Avoid products containing microbeads, such as facial scrubs, toothpaste, and body washes. Opt for natural exfoliants like oatmeal or salt instead.

Reuse and Recycle Plastic

• Reuse plastic items whenever possible, such as containers, water bottles, and shopping bags.
• Recycle all acceptable plastics through community recycling programs. Check with local programs to identify the types of plastic they accept.
• Look for alternative ways to recycle plastic bags, wrap, and film in your area, as these cannot go into household recycling bins.
• Purchase products made from recycled plastic materials, such as bubble wrap containing recycled plastic for moving.
• Spread awareness and encourage others to reduce, reuse, and recycle plastic. Support initiatives like bag taxes or bans to discourage plastic bag use.

Properly dispose of chemical cleaners, oils, and non-biodegradable items

To prevent surface water pollution, it is important to properly dispose of chemical cleaners, oils, and non-biodegradable items. These substances can be harmful to the environment and can contaminate water sources if not disposed of correctly.

Chemical cleaners should not be poured down the drain or into water bodies as they can contain toxic chemicals that can pollute water and harm aquatic life. Instead, it is recommended to use up the entire product as it is designed to be washed down the drain during normal usage. If there is an unused amount, consider giving it away to someone who can use it. If disposal is necessary, read the label and follow the directions for special instructions. Some products may be safely disposed of in the trash, while others may require special handling through household hazardous waste collection programs. For example, solvent-based paints, used motor oil, and certain pesticides should not be poured down the drain and require separate disposal.

Oils, such as cooking oils and fats, should not be poured down the sink as they can clog pipes and cause issues with garbage disposal. It is recommended to let the oil cool and solidify before disposing of it in the trash. This can be done by pouring the oil into a container, such as a glass jar or metal can, and then throwing it away once it has hardened. Alternatively, oil can be recycled at designated locations, such as local recycling centers or restaurants with grease vats, where it is collected and used for biodiesel or other purposes.

Non-biodegradable items are substances that cannot be naturally decomposed by biological processes, and thus persist in the environment for a long time. Examples include plastics, metals, and certain chemicals. To dispose of non-biodegradable items properly, recycling is the best option as it helps reduce the amount of waste sent to landfills. Many communities have recycling programs in place for materials such as plastic, glass, metal, and paper. If recycling is not available, disposing of non-biodegradable items in a landfill is another option. This involves dumping the waste in a low-lying region and covering it with soil. However, this method should be a last resort as landfills can lead to the release of methane and other gases during the decomposition process.

Maintain your car so it doesn't leak oil, antifreeze, or coolant

Water pollution is a pressing issue, with human activity being the primary cause. One way to prevent this is by maintaining your car so that it doesn't leak oil, antifreeze, or coolant. These leaks can have detrimental effects on the environment, as they can contaminate streams, rivers, lakes, and oceans, degrading water quality and making it toxic.

• Regularly check your car for any signs of leaks. Look for any puddles of fluid under your car or any drips coming from the engine. Pay close attention to the radiator, hoses, and freeze plugs.
• If you notice any leaks, identify the source and repair it as soon as possible. Leaks can be caused by various factors such as age, dirty coolant, or worn-out components.
• Maintain your car according to the manufacturer's recommendations. This includes regular oil changes, coolant flushes, and hose replacements.
• Use high-quality fluids and parts. This can help reduce the likelihood of leaks and prolong the life of your car.
• Be mindful of any unusual smells or changes in your car's performance. Unusual smells, such as a sweet odour, can indicate an antifreeze leak. Changes in performance, such as overheating or decreased fuel efficiency, can also be signs of a coolant issue.
• If you are unsure about the source of a leak or how to repair it, seek professional help. A mechanic can diagnose and fix the issue properly.

By following these tips, you can help prevent surface water pollution and keep your car in good condition.

Avoid using pesticides and herbicides

Pesticides and herbicides are a major cause of water pollution, as they are washed into our waterways and contaminate our drinking water. Here are some ways to avoid using these harmful chemicals:

Landscape and Garden Management

One of the best ways to avoid using pesticides and herbicides is to implement proper landscape and garden management techniques. This includes regularly inspecting your yard for developing problems such as pest infestations or weed growth and addressing them early on. Maintaining a healthy garden through proper plant spacing, adequate drainage, and adequate water and light can also help prevent pest problems. In addition, choosing plants that are well-adapted to the local climate and resistant to insects and diseases can reduce the need for pesticides.

Crop Rotation

For those with vegetable gardens or annual flower beds, crop rotation is essential. Planting the same type of plants in the same bed year after year can lead to a buildup of disease-causing organisms in the soil. By rotating crops and planting different things in your garden each year, you can reduce the risk of pest problems and minimize the need for pesticides.

Proper Sanitation

Keeping your yard, gardens, and adjacent areas weed-free is crucial. Raking and disposing of fallen leaves and fruit infected with disease can help prevent the spread of certain pests and diseases. Applying mulch to the soil under plants can also reduce the incidence of diseases that affect fruit and vegetable crops, such as tomatoes, squash, and strawberries. Mulch is also an effective method for weed control, reducing the need for herbicides.

Integrated Pest Management (IPM)

Implementing an Integrated Pest Management (IPM) plan can help minimize the use of pesticides. IPM utilizes cultural, mechanical, and biological pest controls. This may include techniques such as proper spacing when planting, using pest-resistant plant varieties, and removing infested plants. IPM aims to manage pests in a way that minimizes risks to human health, society, and the environment.

Organic and Local Produce

When buying food, opting for local and organic produce can help reduce your exposure to pesticides. Organic farming methods do not rely on synthetic pesticides and herbicides, so choosing organic products supports more environmentally conscious farming practices. Additionally, buying local produce can reduce the distance that food needs to travel, lessening the environmental impact of transportation.

Green Agriculture

On a larger scale, promoting green agriculture practices can help reduce the use of pesticides and herbicides. This includes implementing climate-friendly crops, efficient irrigation techniques, and energy-efficient food production methods. By minimizing the use of chemicals in agriculture, we can reduce their impact on water sources and protect both human and animal health.

Properly maintain your septic system

Septic systems are a major source of water pollution, so it is important to properly maintain your septic system. Here are some tips to ensure your septic system is functioning properly:

• Have your septic system serviced regularly. This includes pumping the tank every 2-5 years, depending on household size, and having the tank inspected for leaks.
• Conserve water in your household to prevent the septic tank from overfilling and discharging too much liquid into the drain field. Spread water usage throughout the day and week.
• Only deposit necessary waste down your drains. Avoid using garbage disposals with a septic system, as this can result in an excess of solid materials filling up your tank. Do not flush tissues, feminine hygiene products, diapers, cooking grease or oil, non-flushable wipes, photographic solutions, or household chemicals.
• Avoid compacting the soil covering your septic drain field. Once the soil becomes compacted, it becomes ineffective and cannot be restored.
• Keep the maintenance records on work performed on your septic system.
• Maintain grass, native grasses, or flowers over the treatment area. Mow, but do not fertilize, water, or burn.
• Do not plant trees, shrubs, or deep-rooted plants on or near the area.
• Keep heavy vehicles off the area, such as cars, tractors, snowmobiles, and boats.
• Help prevent the system from freezing.
• Hire a licensed professional to help you maintain your septic system.

Frequently asked questions