Diwali Diyas: Pollution-Free Festive Lights?

Diwali, the festival of lights, is celebrated with great enthusiasm in India. People light up their houses with diyas, candles, and lamps. However, with rising pollution levels, people are concerned about whether diyas contribute to air pollution. Fireworks and incense sticks are major contributors to air pollution during Diwali, but recent research shows that fireworks do not pose a risk to soil or water quality. Eco-friendly diyas made from cow dung and natural binding mixtures are also available now, which burn away with the wick, leaving zero toxic residues.

Diyas are smoke-free, but candles emit fumes and soot

Diyas, candles, and incense sticks are all commonly used during Diwali, the festival of lights. However, with rising pollution levels, it is important to consider the impact of these on indoor and outdoor air quality.

Diyas are an indispensable part of Diwali and have been traditionally used to light houses during the festival. Diyas are smoke-free, making them a good choice for those looking to reduce pollution. The oil used in diyas is said to have health benefits, such as improved blood circulation and the ability to kill bacteria and germs. Additionally, the light of a diya is believed to produce positivity and magnetic changes in the atmosphere.

On the other hand, candles are known to emit fumes and soot, contributing to indoor air pollution. Candles are typically made from paraffin wax, a by-product of petroleum refining, which can be harmful to the environment. Incense sticks are also a potential source of indoor air pollution and are major contributors to the degradation of indoor air quality.

To address the issue of pollution during Diwali, some people are opting for eco-friendly diyas. These diyas are made from natural materials, such as cow dung, cow butter, neem, and lemon tree leaves. They burn away completely, leaving no toxic residues. Eco-friendly diyas are a way to celebrate Diwali in a more sustainable and environmentally friendly manner.

While the choice between diyas and candles can be a matter of personal preference, it is important to consider the impact on pollution levels, especially in areas like Delhi, where air pollution is already a serious issue. By making small changes, such as choosing eco-friendly diyas, individuals can play a role in reducing pollution and improving air quality during Diwali.

Eco-friendly diyas are made from cow dung and natural binding mixtures

Diyas are an indispensable part of Diwali, the festival of lights. However, air pollution is the main cause of pollution during the festival, which can harm animals, birds, and people.

Eco-friendly diyas are a great way to uphold our role as stewards of the planet and reduce our carbon footprint. These diyas are made from cow dung and natural binding mixtures, such as tamarind seed paste, dried and powdered herbs, cow butter, neem, peepal, and lemon tree leaves. Cow dung diyas are 100% natural and eco-friendly, and they burn away completely without leaving any toxic residues. They are also surprisingly durable and can be reused as manure after use.

The process of making these diyas is quite interesting. First, the cow dung is dried and powdered, and then natural binding agents and dried herbs are added to the mixture. The dough is then kneaded and placed into diya-shaped moulds. Once dried, the diyas are painted with all-natural colours and ornate motifs.

These eco-friendly diyas are a great alternative to traditional clay or terracotta diyas, which can erode the soil. They are also very affordable, usually priced between Rs 2 to Rs 10 per piece, depending on their size and decorative intricacy.

Incense sticks are a major contributor to indoor air pollution

Burning incense sticks releases two main types of pollution: tiny particulate matter (PM2.5) and dangerous gases. PM2.5 is particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter of less than 2.5 μm, which is small enough to enter our bloodstream and organs, leading to cancers and heart disease. Studies have shown that the particulate matter released by burning incense sticks is nearly five times higher than that of cigarettes. Furthermore, incense burning can significantly increase the concentrations of dangerous volatile organic compound (VOC) gases in the air, such as formaldehyde, benzene, toluene, xylene, and TVOC. These pollutants have been linked to a range of health problems, including cancer and respiratory issues.

Research has found that incense burning has a significant impact on indoor PM2.5 concentrations. A study in Hanoi, Vietnam, found that the daily average indoor PM2.5 concentration in homes that burned incense was 201.3 ± 132.2 μg/m3, with a 1-minute peak of 825.5 μg/m3. This is significantly higher than the recommended guideline in Vietnam of 50 μg/m3. Another study of temples in Beijing found that formaldehyde and benzene concentrations from incense burning exceeded the World Health Organization's recommended levels.

The use of incense sticks is particularly common during festivals such as Diwali, where people use diyas, candles, and incense sticks to worship and light their houses. While diyas are a traditional and smoke-free option, some people may opt for incense sticks due to their convenience and refreshing fragrance. However, it is important to be aware of the potential health risks associated with incense stick use, especially when used indoors.

To mitigate the impact of incense stick pollution, it is recommended to use a HEPA air purifier with a carbon filter to remove PM2.5 and dangerous gases from the air. Additionally, improving ventilation can help reduce PM2.5 and VOC concentrations by diluting the polluted air with clean air.

Fireworks and bonfires add air pollution and long-term health effects

Fireworks and bonfires are a staple of many celebrations, but they can have a detrimental impact on air quality and human health. Fireworks, in particular, have been shown to release a large number of air pollutants, including sulphur dioxide, carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, and particulate matter, along with several metal salts such as aluminium, manganese, and cadmium. The smoke from fireworks is made up of both coarse and fine particles, with the latter (known as PM2.5) being particularly harmful. The DNR has observed spikes of extremely high concentrations of these particles during and after fireworks displays, which generally dissipate within a few hours. However, individuals may still experience lingering health effects, especially those with pre-existing respiratory or cardiac conditions.

Short-term exposure to firework smoke can aggravate lung disease, causing asthma, acute bronchitis, and increased susceptibility to respiratory infections. It can also trigger asthma attacks and cause coughing, breathlessness, and irritation of the lungs. The tiny particles in firework smoke are harmful to everyone, but some groups are more vulnerable than others. Children, older adults, pregnant women, and individuals with lung or heart disease face greater risks and are more susceptible to the negative effects of air pollution.

The impact of fireworks on respiratory health has been recognised worldwide, with elevated levels of particulate matter and metallic components identified in the air during celebrations. The burning of fireworks is not the only source of pollution, as the manufacturing process also contributes to it. Fireworks are made with carbon and sulphur, which are necessary for burning, but manufacturers also add substances like arsenic, manganese, sodium oxalate, aluminium, iron dust powder, potassium perchlorate, strontium nitrate, and barium nitrate to achieve colour and special effects. These substances act as stabilisers, oxidisers, and colourants.

Bonfires also contribute to air pollution, particularly through the release of dioxin emissions. While fireworks and bonfires can add to air pollution and have potential long-term health effects, it is important to note that the impact of fireworks on respiratory health has not been extensively studied, and there is a lack of formal studies on specific conditions such as COPD or asthma. However, given the known risks associated with air pollution and the high concentrations of smoke produced by fireworks and bonfires, it is crucial to take preventive measures to minimise their impact on human health and the environment.

Diwali air pollution affects animals, birds, and people's health

Diwali is a festival of lights, and diyas are an indispensable part of the celebration. However, the festival has also become an occasion of air and noise pollution, with firecrackers and fireworks releasing toxic gases and particulate matter that have detrimental effects on the environment and public health.

Diwali air pollution affects not only people but also animals and birds. The release of pollutants during Diwali celebrations persists in the atmosphere for a long time, damaging the ecosystem. Studies have shown that short-term and long-term exposure to Diwali air pollution can lead to various health issues, especially in the respiratory and cardiovascular systems.

During Diwali, the concentration of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and SPM (suspended particulate matter) in the air increases significantly, often exceeding the National Ambient Air Quality Standards. These tiny particles, which come from sources like the combustion of fossil fuels, can infiltrate the lungs and bloodstream, causing irritation and inflammation. Prolonged exposure to PM2.5 has been linked to respiratory problems, chronic kidney disease, cancer, stroke, and heart attacks.

The effects of Diwali air pollution on animals and birds are equally concerning. The high levels of pollution can cause respiratory distress and other health issues in animals, particularly those with sensitive respiratory systems. Birds, especially those with delicate respiratory systems, are also vulnerable to the harmful effects of air pollution. The toxic gases and particulate matter released during Diwali can affect their respiratory health and overall well-being.

To minimize the impact of Diwali air pollution on health and the environment, it is essential to take preventive measures. This includes reducing the use of firecrackers and opting for eco-friendly alternatives, ensuring proper ventilation, and using air purifiers to improve indoor air quality. By being mindful of the potential hazards and taking proactive steps, we can enjoy the festivities while minimizing the adverse effects on ourselves, animals, and the planet we share.

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