Air Pollution: Can You Feel The Impact?

Air pollution is a major threat to global health, causing more than 6.5 million deaths each year. It is caused by a mix of hazardous substances from human-made and natural sources. While some air pollution is visible, such as the brown haze that settles over cities or exhaust from cars, other types are invisible and odourless. However, the effects of air pollution on our health are significant and cannot be ignored. Exposure to polluted air can irritate the eyes, nose, and throat, cause shortness of breath, worsen asthma and other respiratory conditions, and impact the cardiovascular system. Certain groups, such as children, older adults, pregnant people, and those with pre-existing health conditions, are especially vulnerable to the harmful effects of air pollution.

Air pollution can cause irritation to the eyes, nose, and throat

The eyes are a delicate organ with a large exposed area, making them vulnerable to airborne particles and chemicals commonly found in air pollution. When air pollution levels are high, people often experience eye irritation, including itching, burning, and redness. Prolonged exposure to air pollution can lead to eye problems such as conjunctivitis, dry eye syndrome, and pterygium (Surfer's Eye).

Similarly, the nose and throat can be irritated by air pollution, causing symptoms such as nasal congestion, sore throat, and coughing. Air pollution can also trigger allergies and exacerbate respiratory conditions such as asthma. The particles in the air irritate the respiratory tract, causing symptoms like runny noses, chest pain, and coughing.

In addition to these immediate effects, long-term exposure to air pollution has been linked to more severe health issues. This includes chronic conditions like asthma, lung cancer, and cardiovascular disease.

To protect yourself from the harmful effects of air pollution, it is important to monitor air quality levels and limit outdoor activities when pollution levels are high. Using air purifiers, wearing protective eyewear, and maintaining good indoor air quality through proper ventilation and regular cleaning can also help reduce exposure to pollutants.

Poor indoor air quality can lead to respiratory issues and even lung cancer

Poor indoor air quality can have a detrimental impact on respiratory health and has been linked to an increased risk of lung cancer. Breathing in poor-quality air can lead to a range of respiratory issues, including irritation of the eyes, nose, and throat, as well as shortness of breath. Prolonged exposure to indoor air pollution can aggravate asthma and other respiratory conditions and even contribute to the development of infections, lung cancer, and chronic lung diseases.

Indoor air quality is influenced by various factors, such as building construction, fuel-burning appliances, and outdoor pollutants. Certain activities, such as cooking, heating, and cleaning, can also contribute to poor indoor air quality. For example, the use of gas stoves and furnaces can release harmful emissions, including nitrogen dioxide and particulate matter, into the air.

The effects of indoor air pollution on respiratory health can vary depending on individual factors such as age, pre-existing medical conditions, and sensitivity to air pollutants. Children, in particular, are more susceptible to the harmful effects of indoor air pollution due to their narrower air passages and higher breathing rates. Older adults with pre-existing conditions, such as heart or lung disease, are also at a higher risk of experiencing adverse health effects.

To mitigate the risks associated with poor indoor air quality, it is essential to take preventive measures. Regular cleaning and maintenance of ventilation, heating, and air-conditioning systems are crucial. Additionally, addressing sources of moisture and dampness, such as leaks and flooding, can help prevent the growth of mould and dust mites, which are common contributors to indoor air pollution.

Furthermore, it is important to be mindful of outdoor air pollution and take steps to minimise its impact on indoor air quality. Sealing doors and windows, using air purifiers, and regularly changing air filters can help reduce the influx of outdoor pollutants. Prioritising good indoor air quality is essential for maintaining respiratory health and reducing the risk of developing severe health issues, including lung cancer.

Outdoor air pollution can be caused by vehicle emissions, industrial boilers, and power plants

Poor air quality can have a detrimental impact on health, and outdoor air pollution is often caused by vehicle emissions, industrial boilers, and power plants.

Vehicle emissions are a dominant source of air pollutants, including carbon monoxide (CO), carbon dioxide (CO2), volatile organic compounds (VOCs), nitrogen oxides (NOx), and particulate matter. Traffic congestion increases vehicle emissions, with each additional vehicle added to a road contributing to the overall level of pollution. The increased number of speed-ups, slow-downs, stops, and starts that occur in congestion result in higher emissions than "cruise" conditions. This is particularly true with high-power acceleration.

Industrial boilers are combustion devices used to produce steam or heat water, and they are used in all major industrial sectors. The primary fuels used by boilers are coal, oil, and natural gas, but some use electricity, waste gases, or biomass. Industrial, Commercial, and Institutional (ICI) boilers emit pollutants such as hazardous air pollutants (HAPs), particle pollution, and volatile organic compounds (VOCs). These emissions can have serious health effects on employees, residents, and the wider community.

Power plants burning fossil fuels, such as coal, gas, oil, and biomass, also produce a long list of harmful pollutants. These include direct emissions of sulfur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide, carbon monoxide, and mercury, as well as hazardous pollutants that can cause cancer and other health issues. In addition, the extraction and transport of these fuels can be dangerous for workers and communities. Power plants burning coal, oil, and gas are the largest source of carbon pollution, which is the biggest driver of climate change.

Outdoor air pollution caused by vehicle emissions, industrial boilers, and power plants can have serious health consequences for people, including respiratory problems, eye and throat irritation, and long-term diseases such as respiratory illness and cancer.

Air pollution is linked to an increased risk of cardiovascular disease

Air pollution is a serious issue that can have detrimental effects on human health, particularly when it comes to cardiovascular disease. While you may not be able to physically feel air pollution, exposure to it can lead to an increased risk of developing or exacerbating cardiovascular problems.

Cardiovascular disease is an umbrella term for conditions that affect the health of the heart or blood vessels. The traditional risk factors for cardiovascular disease include male sex, older age, increased blood pressure, high cholesterol, low HDL, and smoking. However, air pollution exposure has also been identified as a significant contributing factor.

Research has shown that air pollution can accelerate the development of cardiovascular disease, especially in those who are already at risk. Fine particulate matter, known as PM2.5, with diameters less than 2.5 micrometers, can increase the risk of cardiovascular events such as heart attacks and death. These particles are so small that they can be inhaled and enter the bloodstream, causing adverse health effects.

Long-term exposure to air pollution can prematurely age blood vessels and contribute to a faster buildup of calcium in the coronary artery, restricting blood flow to the heart and increasing the likelihood of cardiovascular events. Additionally, air pollution can lead to a buildup of plaque in the coronary artery, a condition called atherosclerosis, which further compromises heart health.

The impact of air pollution on cardiovascular disease is not limited to a specific age group. Children, older adults, and pregnant people are all vulnerable to the ill effects of polluted air. Children, especially, are at risk due to their narrower air passages, increased physical activity, and higher breathing rate per kilogram of body weight.

The evidence linking air pollution and cardiovascular disease is extensive and growing. It is crucial that individuals take steps to protect themselves from air pollution, such as checking air quality forecasts, limiting outdoor activity on high-pollution days, wearing masks, and using air purifiers. By being proactive, individuals can reduce their exposure to harmful pollutants and mitigate the risk of developing cardiovascular disease.

Air pollution can have serious health effects on pregnant people and their babies

Air pollution has been linked to a range of adverse health effects, including respiratory problems, heart issues, and cancer. Certain groups, including pregnant people, are especially vulnerable to the harmful effects of air pollution.

Impact on Pregnancy

Pregnant individuals are at an increased risk of experiencing negative consequences from air pollution exposure due to the potential impact on both themselves and their developing fetus. Research has found a link between air pollution and various adverse birth outcomes, including:

• Low birth weight: Exposure to air pollution during pregnancy has been associated with an increased risk of delivering babies with low birth weight, which can lead to health and developmental problems.
• Preterm birth: Air pollution has been identified as a contributing factor to preterm births, which can result in a higher risk of neurological disorders and permanent physical disabilities in children.
• Asthma: Air pollution can exacerbate asthma symptoms in pregnant people, leading to potential complications such as preeclampsia. It can also increase the risk of the baby developing asthma later in life.
• Autism: Studies have suggested a link between high exposure to particulate matter pollution during pregnancy and an increased risk of autism in the child.
• Fertility problems: Air pollution has been associated with lower fertility rates in both men and women, as well as an increased risk of miscarriage.

Protecting Pregnant People and Babies from Air Pollution

To minimize the potential harm to pregnant individuals and their babies, it is essential to take proactive measures. Here are some ways to reduce exposure to air pollution during pregnancy:

• Monitor air quality: Stay informed about the air quality in your area by regularly checking the Air Quality Index (AQI). This can help you make informed decisions about outdoor activities.
• Use air purifiers: Invest in air purifiers for your home to reduce indoor air pollution and create a healthier environment for you and your baby.
• Improve indoor air quality: Take steps to reduce indoor air pollution, such as using natural household cleaners, venting while cooking, and regularly checking for mold.
• Limit outdoor activities: On days with high air pollution levels, consider reducing outdoor activities, especially in areas with heavy traffic.
• Wear masks: When going outdoors, wear masks that are designed to filter out particulate matter, such as N95 masks.
• Consult a healthcare provider: Discuss the risks and precautions related to air pollution with your healthcare provider, especially if you have any specific concerns or health conditions.

Frequently asked questions