Septic System Pollution: Creeks In Sonoma County At Risk?

Sonoma County's septic systems have been a cause for concern, with a new study revealing the widespread use of septic systems in the region. The county has unveiled an interactive map of over 36,000 parcels with septic systems, highlighting wastewater treatment challenges. Supervisor David Rabbitt emphasised the need to ensure clean and safe water in rivers, creeks, lakes, and underground aquifers. The high density of septic systems in Sonoma County, with many serving single-family homes, underscores the potential impact on the environment. Failing septic systems can expose individuals to harmful sewage and pollute nearby water bodies, including creeks. Proper maintenance and compliance with regulations are crucial to mitigate these risks and protect the health and safety of residents.

Septic systems in Sonoma County: the basics

In Sonoma County, California, there is a widespread use of septic systems, with over 36,000 local parcels relying on them for wastewater treatment. In areas without public sewers, homeowners are required to install septic systems on their properties to treat wastewater.

Types of Septic Systems

There are two main types of septic systems: Standard Onsite Wastewater Treatment Systems (OWTS) and Non-standard Onsite Wastewater Treatment Systems (OWTS). Standard OWTS use a septic tank for primary sewage treatment, followed by a system of drain field trenches for dispersing effluent into the soil. Non-standard OWTS may or may not include a conventional septic tank and use alternative methods for wastewater dispersal, aiming for improved performance and equal or better wastewater effluent quality compared to standard systems.

Alternative Non-Standard OWTS

Alternative OWTS are non-standard systems that have demonstrated reliable performance in the experimental phase and are approved for their ability to protect water quality and environmental health. Examples include the Wisconsin Mound System, Shallow Trench Pressure Distribution (STPD), and the Shallow in Ground (SIG) system.

Experimental Non-Standard OWTS

Experimental OWTS are non-standard systems that are conditionally accepted by the Regional Water Quality Control Board. They are subject to increased performance monitoring and evaluation before being approved as alternative OWTS. Examples include Bottomless Sand Filters and Gravel-less Pressurized Dispersal Channels.

Maintaining Your Septic System

Proper maintenance of septic systems is crucial to prevent health and safety risks. Recommended maintenance activities include cleaning the sump filter annually, pumping the septic tank every 3-5 years, and purging and balancing the system annually by a qualified contractor. Regular inspections and precautions are essential to prevent system failures, which can lead to exposure to sewage and pollution of nearby water bodies.

The impact of failing septic systems on water bodies

Failing septic systems can have a detrimental impact on water bodies, including creeks in Sonoma County. Septic systems are commonly used in Sonoma County, particularly in areas outside city limits that are not served by a sewer system. These systems play a critical role in treating and disposing of sewage, but when they fail, they can have significant consequences for the environment and human health.

Impact on Water Quality

The failure of a septic system can result in the release of untreated sewage into the surrounding environment. This sewage contains high levels of contaminants, including disease-causing pathogens, bacteria, and chemicals. When a septic system malfunctions, these contaminants can leach into the ground and make their way into nearby water bodies, such as creeks. The contaminated water can lead to the spread of waterborne diseases and pose a severe risk to the health of humans and animals who come into contact with it.

Disruption of Aquatic Ecosystems

Creeks and other water bodies support diverse aquatic ecosystems, and failing septic systems can disrupt the delicate balance of these ecosystems. The release of sewage can cause excessive nutrient loading, leading to harmful algal blooms and oxygen depletion. This, in turn, can result in fish kills and the decline of aquatic plant life. The disruption of aquatic ecosystems can have far-reaching effects on the entire food chain, impacting not only the creatures living in the water but also the birds, mammals, and other organisms that depend on them for food and habitat.

Contamination of Drinking Water Sources

In some cases, failing septic systems can contaminate groundwater sources, which may serve as drinking water supplies for nearby communities. The contamination of groundwater can have serious public health implications, as it can lead to the spread of waterborne illnesses and the contamination of drinking water sources. This is of particular concern in areas where groundwater is the primary source of drinking water, as it can affect the health and well-being of a significant number of people.

Impact on Wildlife and Habitat

The discharge of sewage from failing septic systems can also impact wildlife and their habitats. The high levels of nutrients and organic matter in sewage can cause excessive algae growth and vegetation changes along creek banks and surrounding areas. This can lead to habitat degradation and a loss of biodiversity as some species may no longer find the necessary resources or suitable environments to survive. Additionally, the accumulation of sewage sludge and debris can alter the physical structure of creek beds and banks, further disrupting the natural habitat.

Increased Regulatory Challenges

The presence of failing septic systems in Sonoma County also presents regulatory challenges to local authorities. To protect public health and the environment, stricter requirements and regulations may need to be implemented for septic systems. This could include more frequent inspections, enhanced treatment standards, and the development of alternative wastewater management solutions for rural communities. Ensuring compliance with these regulations can be a complex task, requiring coordination between government agencies, property owners, and wastewater management entities.

The role of Permit Sonoma in regulating septic systems

Permit Sonoma plays a crucial role in regulating septic systems in Sonoma County, California. The organization's responsibilities include reviewing development proposals, permit applications, and ensuring that septic systems protect surface and groundwater quality.

The Well and Septic Division of Permit Sonoma is responsible for reviewing all development proposals that rely on water wells or septic systems. They ensure that water wells are properly constructed and that septic systems meet the required standards. This is particularly important in Sonoma County, as the soils are notoriously poor for septic systems.

Permit Sonoma also offers guidance and resources for property owners with septic systems. They provide information on recommended septic maintenance and reminders, such as cleaning the sump filter annually and pumping the septic tank every 3-5 years.

In addition, Permit Sonoma administers the county's Operational Permit and Monitoring (OPR) program for non-standard septic systems. This program ensures that non-standard septic systems are operating properly to protect public health and groundwater resources. Property owners with non-standard septic systems are required to participate in the OPR program and submit biannual monitoring information to Permit Sonoma.

Permit Sonoma also facilitates the OPR application process for property owners installing septic systems with supplemental treatment. As part of this process, property owners must submit a notarized OPR permit easement agreement, which authorizes Permit Sonoma staff to access the property and perform periodic monitoring inspections.

Overall, Permit Sonoma plays a vital role in regulating septic systems in Sonoma County. Their efforts help protect public health, ensure proper wastewater treatment, and safeguard surface and groundwater quality.

Maintaining and repairing a septic system

Understanding Your Septic System

Firstly, it is important to understand how your septic system works, what type of system it is, and where it is located. Check with your county or town for records of permits and maps of septic tank layouts and locations. Familiarize yourself with the components of your septic system, such as the tank, drainfield, and any electrical or mechanical parts. This knowledge will help you perform basic maintenance and recognize potential issues.

Regular Inspections and Pumping

The average household septic system should be inspected at least every three years by a professional. During these inspections, the septic service provider will check for leaks and examine the sludge and scum layers in your tank. They will advise you on when to pump your tank, which is typically recommended every three to five years. Keep detailed records of all maintenance, inspections, and repairs performed on your septic system.

Efficient Water Use

Conserving water is essential to reduce the workload on your septic system. Spread out your washing machine and dishwasher usage throughout the week instead of doing it all in one day. Avoid doing multiple high-volume water activities on the same day, such as laundry, dishwashing, and showering. Fix leaky faucets and plumbing fixtures, and consider using water-saving devices like faucet aerators and high-efficiency toilets, showerheads, dishwashers, and washing machines.

Proper Waste Disposal

Be mindful of what you flush down the toilet or pour down the drain. Only human waste and toilet paper should be flushed; all other items, such as tissues, diapers, feminine hygiene products, and wipes, should be thrown in the trash. Avoid pouring grease, oil, paint, solvents, or other toxic substances down the drain, as they can clog your septic system. Dispose of solvents, pesticides, motor oil, antifreeze, and paint through a household hazardous waste collection facility.

Drainfield Maintenance

Protect your drainfield by directing roof drains, sump pumps, and rainwater away from this area. Do not drive or park vehicles on your drainfield, and keep vegetation and roots from interfering with the pipes. Inspect your drainfield regularly for any signs of surfacing sewage or unusual growth, such as bright green, spongy grass, which may indicate a potential failure.

Signs of Septic System Failure

Be vigilant for any signs of septic system failure, including water and sewage backing up into the home, slow drainage, gurgling sounds in the plumbing, standing water near the septic tank or drainfield, and unpleasant odors. These issues could indicate a malfunction that requires immediate attention to prevent health and environmental risks.

The cost and timeline of installing a septic system

A failing septic system can expose you, your family, and your neighbours to harmful sewage containing billions of disease-causing pathogens. It can also affect groundwater and pollute nearby water bodies, including creeks.

The cost of installing a septic system varies depending on several factors, such as the type of system, size, location, and labour costs. Here is an overview of the costs and timeline involved in installing a septic system:

Cost Breakdown:

• The average cost of installing a septic system ranges from $3,615 to $12,408, with a national average of $8,011.
• The cost depends on the system type, size, location, and materials used.
• Anaerobic septic systems are cheaper to install, costing between $3,000 and $8,000 on average, while aerobic septic systems are more expensive, ranging from $10,000 to $20,000.
• The size of the septic tank will depend on the number of bedrooms in the house. For a three- or four-bedroom home, a 1,000-gallon septic tank is required, costing around $900 to $1,500 for the tank alone.
• Alternative septic systems, such as mound, sand filter, chamber, drip, and evapotranspiration systems, can cost between $5,000 and $20,000, depending on the type and specific requirements.
• Labour costs typically account for 50% to 70% of the total installation cost and can vary by region.
• Additional costs include land excavation ($1,500–$5,600), building permits ($450–$2,300), perc soil test ($700–$2,000), septic tank riser ($300–$600), and septic distribution box ($500–$1,500).
• The cost of a septic tank can range from $500 to $2,500 for plastic, $700 to $2,000 for concrete, and $1,200 to $2,000 for fiberglass.
• Leach field or drain field installation costs can range from $5,000 to $12,000.

Timeline:

• The timeline for installing a septic system can vary depending on various factors, such as weather conditions and soil type.
• Heavy rains and rocky ground can delay the installation process.
• Before installation, initial ground tests are required to ensure the soil is suitable for a septic tank.
• Obtaining permits and designing the system, including tank placement and drain field location, can take time.
• The actual installation process involves digging, plumbing hookups, and inspections, which can vary in duration depending on the complexity of the system and the size of the property.
• Replacing an old septic system may involve additional time for tank removal and remediation of any issues with the drain field.

In summary, the cost of installing a septic system can vary widely depending on the specific requirements and conditions of the property. It is essential to consult with local septic system professionals to obtain accurate estimates and timelines for your particular situation.

Frequently asked questions